The yellow thornbill (Acanthiza nana), formerly known as the little thornbill, is a tiny passerine bird endemic to the eastern coast of Australia. However, the earliest field notes with type description record the yellow thornbill in 1803, with records sent at the time to the Linnean Society of London. The yellow thornbill is one of 13 currently recognised species of thornbill within the genus Acanthiza. There are five species groups recognised within this genus, with the yellow thornbill (Acanthiza nana) most closely related to the striated thornbill (Acanthiza lineata). There is no sexual dimorphism, so that males and females look alike. They are around in length, with an average wing span of , and weighing between . Fire also affects population numbers, with only the oldest age-class present after fires.

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