The wood hoopoes or scimitarbills are a small African family, Phoeniculidae, of near passerine birds. They live south of the Sahara Desert and are not migratory. While the family is now restricted to Sub-Saharan Africa, fossil evidence shows that it once had a larger distribution. Fossils attributed to this family have been found in Miocene rocks in Germany.

The wood hoopoes are related to the kingfishers, the rollers, and the hoopoe, forming a clade with this last according to Hackett et al. (2008). A close relationship between the hoopoe and the wood hoopoes is also supported by the shared and unique nature of their stapes. The wood hoopoes most resemble the true hoopoes with their long down-curved bills and short rounded wings. According to genetic studies, the two genera, Phoeniculus and Rhinopomastus, appear to have diverged about ten million years ago, so some systematists treat them as separate subfamilies or even separate families. These species are medium-sized ( long, much of which is the tail). They have metallic plumage, often blue, green or purple, and lack a crest. The sexes are similar in all but two species, the forest wood hoopoe and the common scimitarbill. Their bills are either red or black, although young red-billed species also have black bills and bill colour is correlated with age. The legs are scarlet or black, short, with thick tarsi. They climb tree trunks in the manner of a woodpecker, and when feeding on the ground they hop rather than walking like the true hoopoe.

Species

There are eight species.

Family: Phoeniculidae

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! Image !! Genus !! Living species

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|175px||Phoeniculus ||

  • Green wood hoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
  • Violet wood hoopoe, Phoeniculus damarensis
  • Black-billed wood hoopoe, Phoeniculus somaliensis
  • White-headed wood hoopoe, Phoeniculus bollei
  • Forest wood hoopoe, Phoeniculus castaneiceps

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|175px||Rhinopomastus ||

  • Black scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus aterrimus
  • Common scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus cyanomelas
  • Abyssinian scimitarbill, Rhinopomastus minor

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References

  • Wood hoopoe videos on The Cornell Lab of Ornithology - Macaulay Library