thumb|right|Patterson 1961
William Lorenzo Patterson (August 27, 1891 – March 5, 1980) was an African-American leader in the Communist Party USA and head of the International Labor Defense, a group offering legal representation to communists, trade unionists, and African Americans in cases involving alleged racial or political persecution. He was perhaps best known for submitting a petition to the UN in 1951, accusing the U.S. government of complicity in genocide against black people.
Early life
thumb|left|Patterson's [[Tamalpais High School yearbook photo, 1911]]
William Lorenzo Patterson was born August 27, 1891, in San Francisco, California. His father, James Edward Patterson, originally hailed from the island of St. Vincent, in the British West Indies. After graduation, Patterson supported himself by working as a laborer in railroad dining cars and on boats that sailed along the Pacific coast. She was a left-wing activist with a long association with the poet Langston Hughes. On March 15, 1943, the Pattersons had their only child, MaryLouise Patterson, in Chicago, IL.
Political activism
thumb|right|upright=1.5|Patterson (second window from right, left) as part of a "Freedom Delegation" in support of [[Sacco and Vanzetti, August 1927]]
One of Patterson's New York friends was the radical political activist Richard B. Moore, who persuaded Patterson to put his legal skills to work in defense of the Italian immigrant anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti. They had been convicted of murder in a controversial and highly politicized Massachusetts trial.
Patterson joined the Workers (Communist) Party in 1943, and became head of the International Labor Defense (ILD), a communist legal advocacy organization.
He was also active in the Civil Rights Congress, which succeeded the ILD. In 1951, he went to a United Nations meeting in Paris and presented a petition titled We Charge Genocide; it accused the U.S. federal government of complicity in genocide for failing to pass legislation or prosecute persons responsible for lynching, most of whose victims were black men. Paul Robeson submitted the same petition to the UN in New York City. After Patterson returned from Paris, the U.S. Department of State revoked his passport and barred him from further travel abroad.
In 1971, he published his autobiography, The Man Who Cried Genocide.
Death and legacy
On March 5, 1980, after a prolonged illness, William Patterson died at Union Hospital in the Bronx. He was 88.
Patterson's papers, prefaced by a brief biography, are housed at Howard University.
Bibliography
- The Communist Position on the Negro Question. Contributor. New York: New Century Publishers, 1947.
- We Demand Freedom. New York: Civil Rights Congress, 1951.
- We Charge Genocide: The Historic Petition to the United Nations for Relief from a Crime of the United States Government against the Negro People. Editor. New York: Civil Rights Congress, 1951.
- A People's Alternative to Mayor Wagner's Tax Program. New York: 1963.
- Negro Liberation: A Goal for All Americans. New York: New Currents Publishers, 1964.
- Ben Davis: Crusader for Negro Freedom and Socialism. New York: New Outlook Publishers, 1967.
- In Honor of Paul Robeson: Excerpts of a Speech by William L. Patterson. New York: Communist Party USA, n.d. [1969].
- Some Aspects of the Black Liberation Struggle: Two Lectures. With Claude Lightfoot. New York: Black Liberation Commission, CPUSA, n.d. [1969].
- Four Score Years in Freedom's Fight: A Tribute to William L. Patterson on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday, Chicago, Illinois, October 22, 1971. Contributor, with Claude Lightfoot. New York: New Outlook Publishers, 1972.
- The Man Who Cried Genocide: An Autobiography. New York: International Publishers, 1971.