Water vole may refer to:
- In North America, the North American water vole (Microtus richardsoni)
- In Eurasia, the three species of the genus Arvicola:
- European water vole (Arvicola amphibius; previously Arvicola terrestris)
- Southwestern water vole (Arvicola sapidus)
- Montane water vole (Arvicola scherman)