A voiceless retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. This consonant is found as a phoneme mostly (though not exclusively) in two areas: South Asia and Australia.
Transcription
The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is . Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but is distinguished from by extending the hook below the baseline.
Features
upright=0.6|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|[[Sagittal section of a voiceless retroflex plosive]]
Features of a voiceless retroflex stop:
Occurrence
{| class=wikitable
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Translation !!Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | Bengali || || || 'taka' || Apical postalveolar;|| || || 'potato' ||Subapical;
| Hindi
|
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |'hat'
| rowspan="2" | Apical postalveolar
|-
| Urdu
|
|-
| colspan="2" | Hmong || / raus || || 'immerse in liquid' || Contrasts with aspirated form (written ).
|-
| colspan="2" | Iwaidja || || || 'taipan' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Javanese || || || 'cadaver'||
|-
| colspan="2" | Kannada || || || 'to tap' ||Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms
|-
| colspan="2" | Kashmiri || || || 'hat' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Lo-Toga|| || || 'we (incl.)' ||Laminal retroflex.
|-
| colspan="2" | Malayalam || / / || || 'wild' || Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. See Malayalam phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Marathi|| || || 'prawn' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Odia|| / || || 'crepe jasmine' ||Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms.
|-
| colspan="2" | Pashto || || || 'all' ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | Punjabi
| Gurmukhi
|
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | 'hat'
| rowspan="2" & |
|-
| Shahmukhi
|
|-
| Scottish Gaelic || Some Hebridean dialects || || || 'high' || Corresponds to the sequence in other dialects. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
|-
| colspan="2" |Sicilian || || || 'thief' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Swedish || || || 'map' ||See Swedish phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Sylheti
|
|[ʈulli]
|'skull'
|contains tonal pronunciation. See Sylheti phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Tamil || / / || ||'eight' ||Subapical.|| || || 'words' ||Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms.
|-
| colspan="2" | Urdu || || || 'sixty'||
|-
| Vietnamese || Southern dialects || || || 'you pay' ||May be somewhat affricated. See Vietnamese phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Welayta || colspan="2" align="center" | || 'dew' ||
|}
See also
- Index of phonetics articles
Notes
References
- .
External links
- Phonology of English, including dialectical variations