A voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages. This sound is somewhat rare; Dahalo has both a palatal lateral fricative and an affricate; Hadza has a series of palatal lateral affricates. In Bura, it is the realization of palatalized and contrasts with .
The extensions to the IPA transcribes this sound with the letter ( with a belt, analogous to for the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative), which was added to Unicode in 2021. Some scholars also posit a voiceless palatal lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as .
If distinction is necessary, a voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative may be transcribed as (retracted and palatalized ) or as advanced ; these are essentially equivalent. The approximant also occurs and can be represented as or .
Features
Features of the voiceless palatal lateral fricative:
Occurrence
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language
! Word
! IPA
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| Bura
|
|
|
| Contrasts with /l, ʎ, ɬ, ɮ, ʎ̝̊/.
|-
|colspan=2| Dahalo
|colspan=2 align=center|
| 'leaf'
| Contrasts with and
|-
| colspan=2 | Faroese
|
|
| 'jaw'
| Allophone of . See Faroese phonology
|-
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Inupiaq
|
|
| 'pickaxe'
| rowspan=2 | Alveolo-palatal; also described as an approximant. Contrasts with voiceless and voiced and .
|-
|
|
| 'because it did not appear'
|-
| colspan=2 | Kumeyaay
|
|
| 'skunk'
| Rare in word-initial position. Contrasts with voiceless and voiced and .
|-
| rowspan=2 | Norwegian
| Trondheim subdialect of Trøndersk
|
|
| 'everything, all'
| Allophone of before . See Norwegian phonology
|-
| Some subdialects of Trøndersk
|
|
| 'acting silly'
| According to some scholars, it is a phoneme that contrasts with (as in 'softwood'.) See Norwegian phonology
|-
| colspan=2 | Scottish Gaelic
|
|
| 'woods'
| Allophone of before .
|-
|colspan=2| Turkish
|
|
| 'tongue'
| Devoiced allophone of alveolo-palatal , frequent finally and before voiceless consonants. See Turkish phonology
|-
| rowspan=2 | Xumi
| Lower
| colspan=2 align=center |
| 'spirit'
| rowspan=2 | Described as an approximant. Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiced .
|-
| Upper
| colspan=2 align=center |
| 'flavorless'
|}
Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative
Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, has four voiceless palatal lateral fricatives: plain , labialized , fortis , and labialized fortis . Although clearly fricatives, these are further back than palatals in most languages, but further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called post-palatal or pre-velar. Archi also has a voiced fricative, as well as a voiceless and several ejective lateral velar affricates, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates.
Features
Occurrence
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language
! Word
! IPA
! Meaning
! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| Archi
|}
Notes
References
See also
- Index of phonetics articles