A voiced palatal plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a barred dotless that was initially created by turning the type for a lowercase letter .
If a distinction is necessary, a voiced alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed (retracted and palatalized ) or (advanced , depending on the linguistic analysis of that sound. There is also a para-IPA letter that is used primarily in Sinological phonetic notation.
is a less common sound worldwide than the voiced postalveolar affricate because it is difficult to get the tongue to touch just the hard palate without also touching the back part of the alveolar ridge.
It is common for the symbol to be used to transcribe a palatalized voiced velar plosive or, as often in the Indo-Aryan languages, a postalveolar affricate – especially in phonemic notation. The latter may be appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified but the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive, or simply for a cleaner transcription.
Features
thumb|upright=0.6|[[Sagittal section of a voiced palatal plosive|class=skin-invert-image]]
Features of a voiced palatal stop:
- Alveolo-palatal variant is articulated also with the blade of the tongue at or behind the alveolar ridge.
Occurrence
Palatal or alveolo-palatal
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | Albanian || || || 'tongue' || Merged with in Gheg Albanian and some speakers of Tosk Albanian.
|-
| rowspan="3" | Arabic || Some Northern Yemeni dialects || rowspan="3" | || rowspan="3" | || rowspan="3" | 'camel' || rowspan="3" | Corresponds to in other varieties. See Arabic phonology
|-
| Rural and some urban Sudanese speakers
|-
| Upper Egypt
|-
| rowspan="2" | Aramaic|| some Urmian & Koine speakers || rowspan="2" | /gavrɑ|| || rowspan="2" | 'husband' or 'man' lit. (male) person || rowspan="2" | Corresponds to or in other dialects.
|-
| some Northern speakers ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Azerbaijani || گۆنش/ || || 'sun'||
|-
| colspan="2" |Basque
|
|
|'doll'
|-
| Breton || Gwenedeg || || || 'white' || Realization of /ɡ/ before front vowels.
|-
| colspan="2" | Bulgarian || || || 'swamp' || Palatalized [g] in Standard Bulgarian, may also be realized as [ɡj] by some speakers. See Bulgarian phonology
|-
| Catalan || Majorcan || || || 'chalk' || Corresponds to in other varieties. See Catalan phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Corsican|| || || 'to watch' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Czech || || || 'to divide' || Alveolo-palatal. See Czech phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Dinka || || || 'blunt' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Ega || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| || 'become numerous'||
|-
| colspan="2" | Friulian || || || 'cat' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Ganda || jjajja || || 'grandfather'||
|-
| colspan="2" | Hausa || gyara|| || 'repair'||
|-
| colspan="2" | Hungarian || || || 'guardian' || See Hungarian phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Irish || || || 'Irish language'|| See Irish phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Latvian|| || || 'family' || See Latvian phonology
|-
| colspan="2" |Livonian
|kīņḑõl
|
|'candle'
|
|-
| colspan="2" | Macedonian|| || || 'birth' || See Macedonian phonology
|-
|Malay
|Kelantan-Pattani
|تراجڠ/terajang
|
|'kick'
|See Kelantan-Pattani Malay
|-
| colspan="2" |Munji
|
|
|'lost'
|-
| rowspan="2" | Norwegian || Central || rowspan="2" | || rowspan="2" | || rowspan="2" | 'godparent' || rowspan="2" | See Norwegian phonology
|-
| Northern
|-
| rowspan="2" | Occitan || Auvergnat|| || ||rowspan="2" | 'said' (3rd pers. sing.)||rowspan="2" | See Occitan phonology
|-
| Limousin|| dissèt ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Pannonian Rusyn || || || 'Đurđevo' || Only occurs in loanwords; Old Slovak ď becomes дз in native inherits.
|-
| colspan="2" | Pitjantjatjara|| || || || See Pitjantjatjara dialect
|-
| colspan="2" | Sicilian || || || 'job, task' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Slovak || || || 'far' || Alveolo-palatal. See Slovak phonology
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Spanish || ya || || 'already' || Realization of , may also be realized as in onset or after nasal consonant. See Spanish phonology
|-
|malla
|
|'net'
|Intervocalic allophonic realization of the above.
|-
| colspan="2" | Turkish || || || 'sun'|| See Turkish phonology
|-
| Vietnamese || North-central dialect || || || 'skin' || See Vietnamese phonology
|-
|Wu
|Taizhou dialect
|共/gion<sup>6</sup>
|
|'together'
|
|}
Post-palatal
There is also a voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back than the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant but not as back as the prototypical velar consonant. The IPA does not have a separate symbol for that sound, which can be transcribed as , (both symbols denote a retracted ), , (both symbols denote an advanced ), or (palatalized , though this is more ambiguous than the others; see below).
Features
Occurrence
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2" | Catalan || || || 'chalk' || Allophone of before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel. See Catalan phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | English || geese || || 'geese' || Allophone of before front vowels and . See English phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Greek || || || 'transfusion' || Post-palatal. See Modern Greek phonology
|-
| Italian || Standard || || || 'acorn' || Post-palatal; allophone of before . See Italian phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Japanese || / || || 'silver' ||
|-
| colspan="2" | Portuguese || || || 'little buddy' || Allophone of before front vowels. See Portuguese phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Romanian || || || 'thorn' || Both an allophone of before and the phonetic realization of . See Romanian phonology
|-
| Russian || Standard || / || || 'coat of arms' || Typically transcribed in IPA with . See Russian phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Spanish || || || 'guidebook' || Allophone of before front vowels when not preceded by a vowel. See Spanish phonology
|-
| colspan="2" | Yanyuwa || colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| || 'sacred' || Contrasts plain and prenasalized versions.
|}
See also
- Index of phonetics articles