Viedma () is the capital and fourth largest city of the Río Negro Province, in northern Patagonia, Argentina. The city has 57,341 inhabitants (2022 Census - final result), and is located on the southern margin of the Negro River, about 30 kilometres off the Atlantic Coast, and 960 km from the city of Buenos Aires on the National Route 3.

History

thumb|250px|left|Bridge over the [[Río Negro (Argentina)|Río Negro linking the twin cities.]]Together with the city of Carmen de Patagones across the river in Buenos Aires Province, Viedma is the oldest European settlement in Patagonia, founded by Francisco de Viedma y Narváez under the name of Nuestra Señora del Carmen on 22 April 1779. Originally the two cities were one, called Carmen de Patagones. The original fort was built on the south side of the river in modern Viedma, but it was destroyed within a few months. A new fort was built on the north side, in modern Carmen de Patagones. This fort lasted much longer, and the tower still stands today. The town grew and eventually expanded back across the river into modern-day Viedma. On 11 October 1878, the town was split, with the Río Negro as their border.

With the Conquest of the Desert, the city became the capital of all Argentine Patagonia and later, when that was further divided into smaller territories, the capital of the Río Negro Territory. In 1880, Alvaro Barros, the first governor of Río Negro, changed the name of the city to Viedma. During severe flooding in 1889, the capital of Río Negro was temporary moved to Choele Choel, but was quickly restored to Viedma.

In 1986, during the presidency of Raúl Alfonsín, a proposal was made to move the federal capital from Buenos Aires to a new federal district encompassing both Viedma and Carmen de Patagones. This was to reduce congestion in Buenos Aires, to help develop Patagonia, and to promote the development of the interior. A bill to that effect was passed by Congress the following year, but owing to economic problems, the project had stagnated by the end of the Alfonsín administration in 1989.

Economy

The main economical activities in the area of the Valle Inferior are cattle, as well as some agriculture with onion, maize and alfalfa being the most important. However, Viedma is mainly an administrative city, being the capital city of the province.

Geography

Climate

Viedma has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). The nearby South Atlantic Ocean and the Viedma river moderate the climate. Spring and autumn are transition seasons featuring warm daytime temperatures and cool overnight temperatures and are highly variable with some days reaching above and below .

Transport

The Gobernador Castello Airport serves flights to Buenos Aires, Neuquén, Bariloche, Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Comodoro Rivadavia, Mar del Plata, and other cities in Argentina. It is located 6 km from the city, and has an average annual traffic of 30,000 passengers.

30 km downstream from Viedma, on the Atlantic shore, the El Cóndor beach resort town (Balneario Massini) is the most visited tourist beach in the area. The Servicios Ferroviarios Patagónico connect with San Carlos de Bariloche.

Notable people

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  • Valentina Cámara (born 1993), footballer
  • Carlos Casamiquela (1948–2020), agricultural engineer
  • Gastón Cellerino (born 1986), footballer
  • Segundo Cernadas (born 1972), actor
  • Agustín Curruhinca (born 2000), footballer
  • Juan Manuel Martínez (born 1985), footballer
  • Nicolás Martínez (born 1987), footballer
  • Bruno Sepúlveda (born 1992), footballer
  • Fabio Vázquez (born 1994), footballer
  • José Vivanco (born 1998), footballer
  • Juan Edmundo Vecchi (1931–2002), Catholic priest

See also

  • Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway
  • Ferrocarril General Roca
  • Servicios Ferroviarios Patagónico

References

  • Welcome Viedma (English)
  • Viedma and around (Spanish)
  • Clasificados Viedma (Spanish)
  • Viedma Portal (Spanish)
  • Viedma Accommodation Portal (English)