Vapor pressures of the elements

Vapor pressure

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style="white-space:nowrap"

! P/(Pa)

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 1

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 10

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 100

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 200

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 1 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 2 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 5 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 10 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 20 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 50 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 100 k

! rowspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:1px | 101325

! style="position:sticky;top:2em; z-index:10; border-bottom-width:1px" | reference

| colspan=13 style="border-top-width:0px |

! colspan="13" |  1 H hydrogen

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|  15

|

|

|  20

|

| CRC.a (T/°C)

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|  -258.6

|

|

|  -252.8

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  10 (s)

|  11.4 (s)

|  12.2 (s)

|  13.4 (s)

|  14.5

|  16.0

|  18.2

|

|  20.3

! colspan="13" |  2 He helium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|  3

|

|

|  4

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|  -270.6

|

|

|  -268.9

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1.3

|  1.66

|  1.85

|  2.17

|  2.48

|  2.87

|  3.54

|

|  4.22

! colspan="13" |  3 Li lithium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  797

|  885

|  995

|

|  1144

|

|

|  1337

|

|

|  1610

|

| CRC.f,k (T/°C)

|  524.3

|  612.3

|  722.1

|

|  871.2

|

|

|  1064.3

|

|

|  1337.1

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.673 - 8310 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.061 - 8023 / (T/K)

|  797.4

|  885.4

|  995.3

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1040

|  1145

|  1200

|  1275

|  1345

|  1415

|  1530

|

|  1630

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 325..725 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.625 - 7480 / (T/K)

|  777

|  867

|  981

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  4 Be beryllium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1462

|  1608

|  1791

|

|  2023

|

|

|  2327

|

|

|  2742

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1189 (s)

|  1335

|  1518

|

|  1750

|

|

|  2054

|

|

|  2469

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.048 - 17020 / (T/K) - 0.4440 log (T/K)

|  1461.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.792 - 15731 / (T/K)

|

|  1606.5

|  1789.2

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,g (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 942..1284 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.115 - 18220 / (T/K)

|  1504

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,g (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1284..1582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.075 - 16590 / (T/K)

|

|  1647

|  1828

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  5 B boron

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2348

|  2562

|  2822

|

|  3141

|

|

|  3545

|

|

|  4072

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2075

|  2289

|  2549

|

|  2868

|

|

|  3272

|

|

|  3799

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1052..1648 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.255 - 21370 / (T/K)

|  1612

|  1744

|  1899

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  6 C carbon (graphite)

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|  2839

|  3048

|

|  3289

|

|

|  3572

|

|

|  3908

|

| CRC.h (T/°C)

|

|  2566 (s)

|  2775 (s)

|

|  3016 (s)

|

|

|  3299 (s)

|

|

|  3635 (s)

|

! colspan="13" |  7 N nitrogen

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  37

|  41

|  46

|

|  53

|

|

|  62

|

|

|  77

|

| CRC.a,d (T/°C)

|  -236 (s)

|  -232 (s)

|  -226.8 (s)

|

|  -220.2 (s)

|

|

|  -211.1 (s)

|

|

|  -195.9

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  48.1 (s)

|  53.0 (s)

|  55.4 (s)

|  59.0 (s)

|  62.1 (s)

|  65.8

|  71.8

|

|  77.4

! colspan="13" |  8 O oxygen

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|

|

|

|  61

|

|

|  73

|

|

|  90

|

| CRC.a,i (T/°C)

|

|

|

|

|  -211.9

|

|

|  -200.5

|

|

|  -183.1

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  55.4

|  61.3

|  64.3

|  68.8

|  72.7

|  77.1

|  83.9

|

|  90.2

! colspan="13" |  9 F fluorine

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  38

|  44

|  50

|

|  58

|

|

|  69

|

|

|  85

|

| CRC.a,d (T/°C)

|  -235 (s)

|  -229.5 (s)

|  -222.9 (s)

|

|  -214.8

|

|

|  -204.3

|

|

|  -188.3

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  53

|  58

|  61

|  65.3

|  68.9

|  73.0

|  79.3

|

|  85.0

! colspan="13" |  10 Ne neon

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  12

|  13

|  15

|

|  18

|

|

|  21

|

|

|  27

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  -261 (s)

|  -260 (s)

|  -258 (s)

|

|  -255 (s)

|

|

|  -252 (s)

|

|

|  -246.1

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  16.3 (s)

|  18.1 (s)

|  19.0 (s)

|  20.4 (s)

|  21.6 (s)

|  22.9 (s)

|  24.9

|

|  27.1

! colspan="13" |  11 Na sodium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  554

|  617

|  697

|

|  802

|

|

|  946

|

|

|  1153

|

| CRC.f,k (T/°C)

|  280.6

|  344.2

|  424.3

|

|  529

|

|

|  673

|

|

|  880.2

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.304 - 5603 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 700 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.710 - 5377 / (T/K)

|  553.8

|  617.3

|  697.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  729

|  807

|  846

|  904

|  954

|  1010

|  1095

|

|  1175

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 158..437 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.835 - 5480 / (T/K)

|  557

|  620

|  699

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  12 Mg magnesium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  701

|  773

|  861

|

|  971

|

|

|  1132

|

|

|  1361

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  428 (s)

|  500 (s)

|  588 (s)

|

|  698

|

|

|  859

|

|

|  1088

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 7813 / (T/K) - 0.8253 log (T/K)

|  700.9

|  772.7

|  861.2

|  892.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  891

|  979

|  1025

|  1085

|  1140

|  1205

|  1295

|

|  1375

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 287..605 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 7741 / (T/K)

|  707

|  778

|  865

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  13 Al aluminium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1482

|  1632

|  1817

|

|  2054

|

|

|  2364

|

|

|  2790

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1209

|  1359

|  1544

|

|  1781

|

|

|  2091

|

|

|  2517

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.465 - 17342 / (T/K) - 0.7927 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1800 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 16211 / (T/K)

|  1484.9

|  1634.7

|  1818.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1885

|  2060

|  2140

|  2260

|  2360

|  2430

|  2640

|

|  2790

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,l (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 843..1465 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.115 - 15630 / (T/K)

|  1406

|  1545

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  14 Si silicon

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1908

|  2102

|  2339

|

|  2636

|

|

|  3021

|

|

|  3537

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1635

|  1829

|  2066

|

|  2363

|

|

|  2748

|

|

|  3264

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2380

|  2590

|  2690

|  2840

|  2970

|  3100

|  3310

|

|  3490

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1024..1410 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.325 - 19720 / (T/K)

|  1600

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1410..1670 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 18550 / (T/K)

|

|  1738

|  1917

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  15 P phosphorus (white)

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  279

|  307

|  342

|

|  388

|

|

|  453

|

|

|  549

|

| CRC.c,e (T/°C)

|  6 (s)

|  34 (s)

|  69

|

|  115

|

|

|  180

|

|

|  276

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  365

|  398

|  414

|  439

|  460

|  484

|  520.5

|

|  553.6

! colspan="13" |  15 P phosphorus (red)

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  455

|  489

|  529

|

|  576

|

|

|  635

|

|

|  704

|

| CRC.b,c (T/°C)

|  182 (s)

|  216 (s)

|  256 (s)

|

|  303 (s)

|

|

|  362 (s)

|

|

|  431 (s)

|

! colspan="13" |  16 S sulfur

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  375

|  408

|  449

|

|  508

|

|

|  591

|

|

|  717

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  102 (s)

|  135

|  176

|

|  235

|

|

|  318

|

|

|  444

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  462

|  505.7

|  528.0

|  561.3

|  590.1

|  622.5

|  672.4

|

|  717.8

! colspan="13" |  17 Cl chlorine

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  128

|  139

|  153

|

|  170

|

|

|  197

|

|

|  239

|

| CRC.a (T/°C)

|  -145 (s)

|  -133.7 (s)

|  -120.2 (s)

|

|  -103.6 (s)

|

|

|  -76.1

|

|

|  -34.2

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  158 (s)

|  170 (s)

|  176.3

|  187.4

|  197.0

|  207.8

|  224.3

|

|  239.2

! colspan="13" |  18 Ar argon

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|  47

|  53

|

|  61

|

|

|  71

|

|

|  87

|

| CRC.a,d,l (T/°C)

|

|  -226.4 (s)

|  -220.3 (s)

|

|  -212.4 (s)

|

|

|  -201.7 (s)

|

|

|  -186.0

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  55.0 (s)

|  60.7 (s)

|  63.6 (s)

|  67.8 (s)

|  71.4 (s)

|  75.4 (s)

|  81.4 (s)

|

|  87.3

! colspan="13" |  19 K potassium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  473

|  530

|  601

|

|  697

|

|

|  832

|

|

|  1029

|

| CRC.f,k (T/°C)

|  200.2

|  256.5

|  328

|

|  424

|

|

|  559

|

|

|  756.2

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.967 - 4646 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.408 - 4453 / (T/K)

|  473.3

|  529.6

|  601.1

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  633

|  704

|  740

|  794

|  841

|  894

|  975

|

|  1050

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 91..338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.485 - 4503 / (T/K)

|  475

|  531

|  602

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  20 Ca calcium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  864

|  956

|  1071

|

|  1227

|

|

|  1443

|

|

|  1755

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  591 (s)

|  683 (s)

|  798 (s)

|

|  954

|

|

|  1170

|

|

|  1482

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.133 - 9517 / (T/K) - 1.4030 log (T/K)

|  864.2

|  956.4

|  1071.5

|  1112.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1105

|  1220

|  1280

|  1365

|  1440

|  1525

|  1650

|

|  1765

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | 408..817 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.425 - 9055 / (T/K)

|  869

|  961

|  1075

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  21 Sc scandium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1645

|  1804

|  (2006)

|

|  (2266)

|

|

|  (2613)

|

|

|  (3101)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1372 (s)

|  1531 (s)

|  1733 (i)

|

|  1993 (i)

|

|

|  2340 (i)

|

|

|  2828 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.656 - 19721 / (T/K) + 0.2885 log (T/K) - 0.3663 (T/K) 10−3

| CR2 || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 17681 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1058..1804 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 18570 / (T/K)

|  1678

|  1845

|  2049

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  22 Ti titanium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1982

|  2171

|  (2403)

|

|  2692

|

|

|  3064

|

|

|  3558

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1709

|  1898

|  2130 (e)

|

|  2419

|

|

|  2791

|

|

|  3285

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.931 - 24991 / (T/K) - 1.3376 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2400 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.364 - 22747 / (T/K)

|  2001.7

|  2194.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1134..1727 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.375 - 18640 / (T/K)

|  1797

|  1988

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1727..1965 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.105 - 20110 / (T/K)

|

|

|  2209

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  23 V vanadium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2101

|  2289

|  2523

|

|  2814

|

|

|  3187

|

|

|  3679

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1828 (s)

|  2016

|  2250

|

|  2541

|

|

|  2914

|

|

|  3406

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.750 - 27132 / (T/K) - 0.5501 log (T/K)

|  2099.6

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 25011 / (T/K)

|

|  2287.2

|  2517.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1465..2207 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.445 - 26620 / (T/K)

|  2139

|  2326

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  24 Cr chromium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1656

|  1807

|  1991

|

|  2223

|

|

|  2530

|

|

|  2942

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1383 (s)

|  1534 (s)

|  1718 (s)

|

|  1950

|

|

|  2257

|

|

|  2669

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.806 - 20733 / (T/K) + 0.4391 log (T/K) - 0.4094 (T/K)−3

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2020

|  2180

|  2260

|  2370

|  2470

|  2580

|  2730

|

|  2870

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,l (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 907..1504 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 17560 / (T/K)

|  1463

|  1596

|  1755

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  25 Mn manganese

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1228

|  1347

|  1493

|

|  1691

|

|

|  1955

|

|

|  2333

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  955 (s)

|  1074 (s)

|  1220 (s)

|

|  1418

|

|

|  1682

|

|

|  2060

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.811 - 15097 / (T/K) - 1.7896 log (T/K)

|  1229.2

|  1346.6

|  1490.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1560

|  1710

|  1780

|  1890

|  1980

|  2080

|  2240

|

|  2390

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 717..1251 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.375 - 14100 / (T/K)

|  1240

|  1359

|  1504

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  26 Fe iron

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1728

|  1890

|  2091

|

|  2346

|

|

|  2679

|

|

|  3132

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1455 (s)

|  1617

|  1818

|

|  2073

|

|

|  2406

|

|

|  2859

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.106 - 21723 / (T/K) + 0.4536 log (T/K) - 0.5846 (T/K) 10−3

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.353 - 19574 / (T/K)

|

|  1890.7

|  2092.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2110

|  2290

|  2380

|  2500

|  2610

|  2720

|  2890

|

|  3030

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,f (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1094..1535 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.755 - 20000 / (T/K)

|  1701

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,f (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1535..1783 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.535 - 21400 / (T/K)

|

|  1855

|  2031

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  27 Co cobalt

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1790

|  1960

|  2165

|

|  2423

|

|

|  2755

|

|

|  3198

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1517

|  1687

|  1892

|

|  2150

|

|

|  2482

|

|

|  2925

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.982 - 22576 / (T/K) - 1.0280 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.494 - 20578 / (T/K)

|  1790.3

|  1960.9

|  2167.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21960 / (T/K)

|  1900

|  2081

|  2298

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  28 Ni nickel

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1783

|  1950

|  2154

|

|  2410

|

|

|  2741

|

|

|  3184

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1510

|  1677

|  1881

|

|  2137

|

|

|  2468

|

|

|  2911

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.563 - 22606 / (T/K) - 0.8717 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2150 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.672 - 20765 / (T/K)

|  1779.0

|  1945.7

|  2146.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2230

|  2410

|  2500

|  2630

|  2740

|  2860

|  3030

|

|  3180

| SMI.c,q || colspan="12" | solid, 1157..1455 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.405 - 21840 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,q (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1455..1884 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.675 - 20600 / (T/K)

|  1764

|  1930

|  2129

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  29 Cu copper

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1509

|  1661

|  1850

|

|  2089

|

|

|  2404

|

|

|  2836

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1236

|  1388

|  1577

|

|  1816

|

|

|  2131

|

|

|  2563

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.129 - 17748 / (T/K) - 0.7317 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.855 - 16415 / (T/K)

|  1512.2

|  1665.7

|  1853.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1940

|  2110

|  2200

|  2320

|  2420

|  2540

|  2710

|

|  2860

| SMI.c,f || colspan="12" | solid, 946..1083 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.935 - 18060 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,f (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1083..1628 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.845 - 16580 / (T/K)

|  1529

|  1684

|  1875

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  30 Zn zinc

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  610

|  670

|  750

|

|  852

|

|

|  990

|

|

|  (1185)

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  337 (s)

|  397 (s)

|  477

|

|  579

|

|

|  717

|

|

|  912 (e)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.108 - 6776 / (T/K)

|  610.0

|  670.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 750 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.384 - 6286 / (T/K)

|

|

|  749.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  780

|  854

|  891

|  945

|  991

|  1040

|  1120

|

|  1185

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 211..405 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.065 - 6744 / (T/K)

|  609

|  670

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  31 Ga gallium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1310

|  1448

|  1620

|

|  1838

|

|

|  2125

|

|

|  2518

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1037

|  1175

|  1347

|

|  1565

|

|

|  1852

|

|

|  2245

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.663 - 14208 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.760 - 13984 / (T/K) - 0.3413 log (T/K)

|  1307.4

|  1444.4

|  1613.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1665

|  1820

|  1900

|  2000

|  2100

|  2200

|  2350

|

|  2480

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 771..1443 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.915 - 13360 / (T/K)

|  1347

|  1499

|  1688

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  32 Ge germanium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1644

|  1814

|  2023

|

|  2287

|

|

|  2633

|

|

|  3104

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1371

|  1541

|  1750

|

|  2014

|

|

|  2360

|

|

|  2831

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 897..1635 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.065 - 15150 / (T/K)

|  1505

|  1671

|  1878

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  33 As arsenic

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  553

|  596

|  646

|

|  706

|

|

|  781

|

|

|  874

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  280 (s)

|  323 (s)

|  373 (s)

|

|  433 (s)

|

|

|  508 (s)

|

|

|  601 (s)

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  656 (s)

|  701 (s)

|  723 (s)

|  754 (s)

|  780 (s)

|  808 (s)

|  849 (s)

|

|  883 (s)

! colspan="13" |  34 Se selenium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  500

|  552

|  617

|

|  704

|

|

|  813

|

|

|  958

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  227

|  279

|  344

|

|  431

|

|

|  540

|

|

|  685

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  636

|  695

|  724

|  767

|  803

|  844

|  904

|

|  958

! colspan="13" |  35 Br bromine

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  185

|  201

|  220

|

|  244

|

|

|  276

|

|

|  332

|

| CRC.a (T/°C)

|  -87.7 (s)

|  -71.8 (s)

|  -52.7 (s)

|

|  -29.3 (s)

|

|

|  2.5

|

|

|  58.4

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  227 (s)

|  244.1 (s)

|  252.1 (s)

|  263.6 (s)

|  275.7

|  290.0

|  312.0

|

|  332.0

! colspan="13" |  36 Kr krypton

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  59

|  65

|  74

|

|  84

|

|

|  99

|

|

|  120

|

| CRC.d (T/°C)

|  -214.0 (s)

|  -208.0 (s)

|  -199.4 (s)

|

|  -188.9 (s)

|

|

|  -174.6 (s)

|

|

|  -153.6

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  77 (s)

|  84.3 (s)

|  88.1 (s)

|  93.8 (s)

|  98.6 (s)

|  103.9 (s)

|  112.0 (s)

|

|  119.7

! colspan="13" |  37 Rb rubidium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  434

|  486

|  552

|

|  641

|

|

|  769

|

|

|  958

|

| CRC.f,k (T/°C)

|  160.4

|  212.5

|  278.9

|

|  368

|

|

|  496.1

|

|

|  685.3

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.863 - 4215 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.318 - 4040 / (T/K)

|  433.6

|  485.7

|  552.1

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  583

|  649

|  684

|  735

|  779

|  829

|  907

|

|  978

| rowspan="2" | SMI.d (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 59.4..283 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.545 - 4132 / (T/K)

|  433

|  484

|  548

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  38 Sr strontium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  796

|  882

|  990

|

|  1139

|

|

|  1345

|

|

|  1646

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  523 (s)

|  609 (s)

|  717 (s)

|

|  866

|

|

|  1072

|

|

|  1373

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.232 - 8572 / (T/K) - 1.1926 log (T/K)

|  795.7

|  882.0

|  989.9

|  1028.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1040 (s)

|  1150

|  1205

|  1285

|  1355

|  1430

|  1550

|

|  1660

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 361..750 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.255 - 8324 / (T/K)

|  812

|  899

|  1008

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  39 Y yttrium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1883

|  2075

|  (2320)

|

|  (2627)

|

|

|  (3036)

|

|

|  (3607)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1610.1

|  1802.3

|  2047 (i)

|

|  2354 (i)

|

|

|  2763 (i)

|

|

|  3334 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.741 - 22306 / (T/K) - 0.8705 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2300 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.801 - 20341 / (T/K)

|  1883.3

|  2075.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1249..2056 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.555 - 21970 / (T/K)

|  1901

|  2081

|  2299

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  40 Zr zirconium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2639

|  2891

|  3197

|

|  3575

|

|

|  4053

|

|

|  4678

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2366

|  2618

|  2924

|

|  3302

|

|

|  3780

|

|

|  4405

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.014 - 31512 / (T/K) - 0.7890 log (T/K)

| CR2 || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.812 - 30295 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1527..2127 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.505 - 25870 / (T/K)

|  2249

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 2127..2459 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.165 - 27430 / (T/K)

|

|  2457

|  2698

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  41 Nb niobium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2942

|  3207

|  3524

|

|  3910

|

|

|  4393

|

|

|  5013

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2669

|  2934

|  3251

|

|  3637

|

|

|  4120

|

|

|  4740

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.828 - 37818 / (T/K) - 0.2575 log (T/K)

| SMI.n || colspan="12" | 2194..2539 °C: log (P/Pa) = 13.495 - 40400 / (T/K)

! colspan="13" |  42 Mo molybdenum

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2742

|  2994

|  3312

|

|  3707

|

|

|  4212

|

|

|  4879

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2469 (s)

|  2721

|  3039

|

|  3434

|

|

|  3939

|

|

|  4606

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.535 - 34626 / (T/K) - 1.1331 log (T/K)

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  3420

|  3720

|  3860

|  4060

|  4220

|  4410

|  4680

|

|  4900

| rowspan="2" | SMI.r (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 1923..2533 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.925 - 30310 / (T/K)

|  2774

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  43 Tc technetium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  (2727)

|  (2998)

|  (3324)

|

|  (3726)

|

|

|  (4234)

|

|

|  (4894)

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2454 (e)

|  2725 (e)

|  3051 (e)

|

|  3453 (e)

|

|

|  3961 (e)

|

|

|  4621 (e)

|

! colspan="13" |  44 Ru ruthenium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2588

|  2811

|  3087

|

|  3424

|

|

|  3845

|

|

|  4388

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2315 (s)

|  2538

|  2814

|

|  3151

|

|

|  3572

|

|

|  4115

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.761 - 34154 / (T/K) - 0.4723 log (T/K)

|  2597.6

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1913..2946 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.625 - 33800 / (T/K)

|  2677

|  2908

|  3181

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  45 Rh rhodium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2288

|  2496

|  2749

|

|  3063

|

|

|  3405

|

|

|  3997

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2015

|  2223

|  2476

|

|  2790

|

|

|  3132

|

|

|  3724

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.174 - 29010 / (T/K) - 0.7068 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.808 - 26792 / (T/K)

|  2269.0

|  2478.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1681..2607 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.675 - 30400 / (T/K)

|  2398

|  2604

|  2848

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  46 Pd palladium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1721

|  1897

|  2117

|

|  2395

|

|

|  2753

|

|

|  3234

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1448 (s)

|  1624

|  1844

|

|  2122

|

|

|  2480

|

|

|  2961

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.508 - 19813 / (T/K) - 0.9258 log (T/K)

|  1721.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.432 - 17899 / (T/K)

|

|  1897.7

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1156..2000 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.585 - 19230 / (T/K)

|  1817

|  2006

|  2240

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  47 Ag silver

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1283

|  1413

|  1575

|

|  1782

|

|

|  2055

|

|

|  2433

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1010

|  1140

|  1302

|

|  1509

|

|

|  1782

|

|

|  2160

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.133 - 14999 / (T/K) - 0.7845 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1600 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.758 - 13827 / (T/K)

|  1285.3

|  1417.0

|  1578.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1640

|  1790

|  1865

|  1970

|  2060

|  2160

|  2310

|

|  2440

| SMI.a || colspan="12" | solid, 767..961 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.405 - 14850 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 961..1353 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.785 - 14090 / (T/K)

|  1306

|  1440

|  1604

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  48 Cd cadmium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  530

|  583

|  654

|

|  745

|

|

|  867

|

|

|  1040

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  257 (s)

|  310 (s)

|  381

|

|  472

|

|

|  594

|

|

|  767

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.945 - 5799 / (T/K)

|  529.8

|  583.1

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 650 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.248 - 5392 / (T/K)

|

|

|  653.7

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  683

|  748

|  781

|  829

|  870

|  915

|  983

|

|  1045

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 148..321 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.905 - 5798 / (T/K)

|  532

|  585

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  49 In indium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1196

|  1325

|  1485

|

|  1690

|

|

|  1962

|

|

|  2340

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  923

|  1052

|  1212

|

|  1417

|

|

|  1689

|

|

|  2067

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.997 - 12548 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1500 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.380 - 12276 / (T/K)

|  1182.7

|  1308.7

|  1464.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c,m (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 667..1260 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.055 - 12150 / (T/K)

|  1208

|  1342

|  1508

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  50 Sn tin

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1497

|  1657

|  1855

|

|  2107

|

|

|  2438

|

|

|  2893

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1224

|  1384

|  1582

|

|  1834

|

|

|  2165

|

|

|  2620

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.042 - 15710 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1850 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.268 - 15332 / (T/K)

|  1493.2

|  1654.3

|  1854.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1930

|  2120

|  2210

|  2350

|  2470

|  2600

|  2800

|

|  2990

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 823..1609 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.095 - 13110 / (T/K)

|  1441

|  1620

|  1848

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  51 Sb antimony

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  807

|  876

|  1011

|

|  1219

|

|

|  1491

|

|

|  1858

|

| CRC.b,c (T/°C)

|  534 (s)

|  603 (s)

|  738

|

|  946

|

|

|  1218

|

|

|  1585

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1065

|  1220

|  1295

|  1405

|  1495

|  1595

|  1740

|

|  1890

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 466..904 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.545 - 9913 / (T/K)

|  940

|  1039

|  1160

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  52 Te tellurium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|

|  (775)

|

|  (888)

|

|

|  1042

|

|

|  1266

|

| CRC.d (T/°C)

|

|

|  502 (e)

|

|  615 (e)

|

|

|  768.8

|

|

|  992.4

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  806

|  888

|  929

|  990

|  1040

|  1100

|  1190

|

|  1270

! colspan="13" |  53 I iodine (rhombic)

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  260

|  282

|  309

|

|  342

|

|

|  381

|

|

|  457

|

| CRC.a,b (T/°C)

|  -12.8 (s)

|  9.3 (s)

|  35.9 (s)

|

|  68.7 (s)

|

|

|  108 (s)

|

|

|  184.0

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  318 (s)

|  341.8 (s)

|  353.1 (s)

|  369.3 (s)

|  382.7 (s)

|  400.8

|  430.6

|

|  457.5

! colspan="13" |  54 Xe xenon

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  83

|  92

|  103

|

|  117

|

|

|  137

|

|

|  165

|

| CRC.d,m (T/°C)

|  -190 (s)

|  -181 (s)

|  -170 (s)

|

|  -155.8 (s)

|

|

|  -136.6 (s)

|

|

|  -108.4

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  107 (s)

|  117.3 (s)

|  122.5 (s)

|  130.1 (s)

|  136.6 (s)

|  143.8 (s)

|  154.7 (s)

|

|  165.0

! colspan="13" |  55 Cs caesium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  418

|  469

|  534

|

|  623

|

|

|  750

|

|

|  940

|

| CRC.f,k (T/°C)

|  144.5

|  195.6

|  260.9

|

|  350.0

|

|

|  477.1

|

|

|  667.0

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 9.717 - 3999 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 550 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.171 - 3830 / (T/K)

|  417.6

|  468.7

|  534.1

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  559

|  624

|  657

|  708

|  752

|  802

|  883

|

|  959

| rowspan="2" | SMI.e (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 45..277 °C: log (P/Pa) = 8.985 - 3774 / (T/K)

|  420

|  473

|  540

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  56 Ba barium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  911

|  1038

|  1185

|

|  1388

|

|

|  1686

|

|

|  2170

|

| CRC.e (T/°C)

|  638 (s)

|  765

|  912

|

|  1115

|

|

|  1413

|

|

|  1897

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 17.411 - 9690 / (T/K) - 2.2890 log (T/K)

|  911.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.013 - 8163 / (T/K)

|

|  1018.7

|  1164.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1165

|  1290

|  1360

|  1455

|  1540

|  1635

|  1780

|

|  1910

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 418..858 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.005 - 8908 / (T/K)

|  890

|  989

|  1113

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  57 La lanthanum

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  (2005)

|  (2208)

|  (2458)

|

|  (2772)

|

|

|  (3178)

|

|

|  (3726)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1732 (i)

|  1935 (i)

|  2185 (i)

|

|  2499 (i)

|

|

|  2905 (i)

|

|

|  3453 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 12.469 - 22551 / (T/K) - 0.3142 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.917 - 21855 / (T/K)

|  2001.9

|  2203.8

|  2450.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1023..1754 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.005 - 18000 / (T/K)

|  1636

|  1799

|  1999

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  58 Ce cerium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1992

|  2194

|  2442

|

|  2754

|

|

|  3159

|

|

|  3705

|

| CRC.g (T/°C)

|  1719

|  1921

|  2169

|

|  2481

|

|

|  2886

|

|

|  3432

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 11.145 - 21752 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.617 - 21200 / (T/K)

|  1996.8

|  2204.4

|  2460.3

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1004..1599 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.865 - 20100 / (T/K)

|  1562

|  1694

|  1850

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  59 Pr praseodymium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1771

|  1973

|  (2227)

|

|  (2571)

|

|

|  (3054)

|

|

|  (3779)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1497.7

|  1699.4

|  1954 (i)

|

|  2298 (i)

|

|

|  2781 (i)

|

|

|  3506 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.865 - 18720 / (T/K) - 0.9512 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.778 - 17315 / (T/K)

|  1770.8

|  1972.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  60 Nd neodymium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1595

|  1774

|  1998

|

|  (2296)

|

|

|  (2715)

|

|

|  (3336)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1322.3

|  1501.2

|  1725.3

|

|  2023 (i)

|

|

|  2442 (i)

|

|

|  3063 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.002 - 17264 / (T/K) - 0.9519 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2000 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.918 - 15824 / (T/K)

|  1595.5

|  1774.4

|  1998.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  62 Sm samarium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1001

|  1106

|  1240

|

|  (1421)

|

|

|  (1675)

|

|

|  (2061)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  728 (s)

|  833 (s)

|  967 (s)

|

|  1148 (i)

|

|

|  1402 (i)

|

|

|  1788 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.994 - 11034 / (T/K) - 1.3287 log (T/K)

|  1002.5

|  1109.2

|  1242.2

|  1289.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  63 Eu europium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  863

|  957

|  1072

|

|  1234

|

|

|  1452

|

|

|  1796

|

| CRC.g (T/°C)

|  590 (s)

|  684 (s)

|  799 (s)

|

|  961

|

|

|  1179

|

|

|  1523

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.246 - 9459 / (T/K) - 1.1661 log (T/K)

|  874.6

|  968.8

|  1086.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  64 Gd gadolinium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  (1836)

|  (2028)

|  (2267)

|

|  (2573)

|

|

|  (2976)

|

|

|  (3535)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1563 (i)

|  1755 (i)

|  1994 (i)

|

|  2300 (i)

|

|

|  2703 (i)

|

|

|  3262 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.350 - 20861 / (T/K) - 0.5775 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2250 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.563 - 19389 / (T/K)

|  1835.6

|  2027.5

|  2264.3

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  65 Tb terbium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1789

|  1979

|  (2201)

|

|  (2505)

|

|

|  (2913)

|

|

|  (3491)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1516.1

|  1706.1

|  1928 (i)

|

|  2232 (i)

|

|

|  2640 (i)

|

|

|  3218 (i)

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.516 - 20457 / (T/K) - 0.9247 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.417 - 18639 / (T/K)

|  1789.3

|  1979.3

|  2214.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  66 Dy dysprosium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1378

|  1523

|  (1704)

|

|  (1954)

|

|

|  (2304)

|

|

|  (2831)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1105 (s)

|  1250 (s)

|  1431 (i)

|

|  1681 (i)

|

|

|  2031 (i)

|

|

|  2558 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.585 - 15336 / (T/K) - 1.1114 log (T/K)

|  1382.3

|  1526.5

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  67 Ho holmium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1432

|  1584

|  (1775)

|

|  (2040)

|

|

|  (2410)

|

|

|  (2964)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1159 (s)

|  1311 (s)

|  1502 (i)

|

|  1767 (i)

|

|

|  2137 (i)

|

|

|  2691 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.791 - 15899 / (T/K) - 1.1753 log (T/K)

|  1434.8

|  1585.2

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  68 Er erbium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1504

|  1663

|  (1885)

|

|  (2163)

|

|

|  (2552)

|

|

|  (3132)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1231 (s)

|  1390 (s)

|  1612 (i)

|

|  1890 (i)

|

|

|  2279 (i)

|

|

|  2859 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.922 - 16642 / (T/K) - 1.2154 log (T/K)

|  1504.7

|  1663.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1900 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.674 - 14380 / (T/K)

|

|

|  1873.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  69 Tm thulium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1117

|  1235

|  1381

|

|  1570

|

|

|  (1821)

|

|

|  (2217)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  844 (s)

|  962 (s)

|  1108 (s)

|

|  1297 (s)

|

|

|  1548 (i)

|

|

|  1944 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 1400 K: log (P/Pa) = 13.888 - 12270 / (T/K) - 0.9564 log (T/K)

|  1118.3

|  1235.5

|  1381.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  70 Yb ytterbium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  736

|  813

|  910

|

|  1047

|

|

|  (1266)

|

|

|  (1465)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  463 (s)

|  540 (s)

|  637 (s)

|

|  774 (s)

|

|

|  993 (i)

|

|

|  1192 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 900 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.117 - 8111 / (T/K) - 1.0849 log (T/K)

|  737.0

|  814.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  71 Lu lutetium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1906

|  2103

|  2346

|

|  (2653)

|

|

|  (3072)

|

|

|  (3663)

|

| CRC.c (T/°C)

|  1633 (s)

|  1829.8

|  2072.8

|

|  2380 (i)

|

|

|  2799 (i)

|

|

|  3390 (i)

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.799 - 22423 / (T/K) - 0.6200 log (T/K)

|  1905.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.654 - 20302 / (T/K)

|

|  2103.0

|  2346.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  72 Hf hafnium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2689

|  2954

|  3277

|

|  3679

|

|

|  4194

|

|

|  4876

|

| CRC.e (T/°C)

|  2416

|  2681

|  3004

|

|  3406

|

|

|  3921

|

|

|  4603

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.451 - 32482 / (T/K) - 0.6735 log (T/K)

! colspan="13" |  73 Ta tantalum

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  3297

|  3597

|  3957

|

|  4395

|

|

|  4939

|

|

|  5634

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  3024

|  3324

|  3684

|

|  4122

|

|

|  4666

|

|

|  5361

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 248 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 21.813 - 41346 / (T/K) - 3.2152 log (T/K) + 0.7437 (T/K) 10−3

| SMI.o,p || colspan="12" | solid, 2407..2820 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.125 - 40210 / (T/K)

! colspan="13" |  74 W tungsten

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  3477

|  3773

|  4137

|

|  4579

|

|

|  5127

|

|

|  5823

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  3204 (s)

|  3500

|  3864

|

|  4306

|

|

|  4854

|

|

|  5550

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2350 K: log (P/Pa) = 7.951 - 44094 / (T/K) + 1.3677 log (T/K)

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 2200 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -49.521 - 57687 / (T/K) - 12.2231 log (T/K)

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  4300

|  4630

|  4790

|  5020

|  5200

|  5400

|  5690

|

|  5940

| rowspan="2" | SMI.s (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 2554..3309 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.365 - 40260 / (T/K)

|  3542

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  75 Re rhenium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  3303

|  3614

|  4009

|

|  4500

|

|

|  5127

|

|

|  5954

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  3030 (s)

|  3341

|  3736

|

|  4227

|

|

|  4854

|

|

|  5681

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 16.549 - 40726 / (T/K) - 1.1629 log (T/K)

! colspan="13" |  76 Os osmium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  3160

|  3423

|  3751

|

|  4148

|

|

|  4638

|

|

|  5256

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2887 (s)

|  3150

|  3478

|

|  3875

|

|

|  4365

|

|

|  4983

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 14.425 - 41198 / (T/K) - 0.3896 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 2101..3221 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.715 - 37000 / (T/K)

|  2910

|  3158

|  3453

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  77 Ir iridium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2713

|  2957

|  3252

|

|  3614

|

|

|  4069

|

|

|  4659

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2440 (s)

|  2684

|  2979

|

|  3341

|

|

|  3796

|

|

|  4386

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.512 - 35099 / (T/K) - 0.7500 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1993..3118 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.185 - 34110 / (T/K)

|  2799

|  3050

|  3349

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  78 Pt platinum

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2330

|  (2550)

|  2815

|

|  3143

|

|

|  3556

|

|

|  4094

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2057

|  2277 (e)

|  2542

|

|  2870

|

|

|  3283

|

|

|  3821

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 4.888 - 29387 / (T/K) + 1.1039 log (T/K) - 0.4527 (T/K) 10−3

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.392 - 26856 / (T/K)

|  2357.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2910

|  3150

|  3260

|  3420

|  3560

|  3700

|  3910

|

|  4090

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1606..2582 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.758 - 27500 / (T/K)

|  2339

|  2556

|  2818

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  79 Au gold

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1646

|  1814

|  2021

|

|  2281

|

|

|  2620

|

|

|  3078

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1373

|  1541

|  1748

|

|  2008

|

|

|  2347

|

|

|  2805

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 14.158 - 19343 / (T/K) - 0.7479 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2050 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.838 - 18024 / (T/K)

|  1663.0

|  1832.1

|  2039.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  2100

|  2290

|  2390

|  2520

|  2640

|  2770

|  2960

|

|  3120

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1083..1867 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.775 - 18520 / (T/K)

|  1719

|  1895

|  2111

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  80 Hg mercury

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  315

|  350

|  393

|

|  449

|

|

|  523

|

|

|  629

|

| CRC.j,k (T/°C)

|  42.0

|  76.6

|  120.0

|

|  175.6

|

|

|  250.3

|

|

|  355.9

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 298 K to 400 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.122 - 3190 / (T/K)

|  315.2

|  349.7

|  392.8

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  408

|  448.8

|  468.8

|  498.4

|  523.4

|  551.2

|  592.9

|

|  629.8

! colspan="13" |  81 Tl thallium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  882

|  977

|  1097

|

|  1252

|

|

|  1461

|

|

|  1758

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  609

|  704

|  824

|

|  979

|

|

|  1188

|

|

|  1485

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.977 - 9447 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1100 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9037 / (T/K)

|  880.4

|  975.4

|  1093.4

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1125

|  1235

|  1290

|  1370

|  1440

|  1515

|  1630

|

|  1730

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 405..821 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.275 - 8920 / (T/K)

|  868

|  962

|  1078

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  82 Pb lead

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  978

|  1088

|  1229

|

|  1412

|

|

|  1660

|

|

|  2027

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  705

|  815

|  956

|

|  1139

|

|

|  1387

|

|

|  1754

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 10.649 - 10143 / (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 1200 K: log (P/Pa) = 9.917 - 9701 / (T/K)

|  978.2

|  1087.9

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1285

|  1420

|  1485

|  1585

|  1670

|  1760

|  1905

|

|  2030

| rowspan="2" | SMI.a (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 483..975 °C: log (P/Pa) = 9.815 - 9600 / (T/K)

|  978

|  1089

|  1228

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  83 Bi bismuth

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  941

|  1041

|  1165

|

|  1325

|

|

|  1538

|

|

|  1835

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  668

|  768

|  892

|

|  1052

|

|

|  1265

|

|

|  1562

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  1225

|  1350

|  1410

|  1505

|  1580

|  1670

|  1800

|

|  1920

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 474..934 °C: log (P/Pa) = 10.265 - 9824 / (T/K)

|  957

|  1060

|  1189

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  84 Po polonium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|

|

|

|

|  (846)

|

|

|  1003

|

|

|  1236

|

| CRC.d (T/°C)

|

|

|

|

|  573 (e)

|

|

|  730.2

|

|

|  963.3

|

! colspan="13" |  85 At astatine

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  361

|  392

|  429

|

|  475

|

|

|  531

|

|

|  607

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  88 (s)

|  119 (s)

|  156 (s)

|

|  202 (s)

|

|

|  258 (s)

|

|

|  334

|

! colspan="13" |  86 Rn radon

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  110

|  121

|  134

|

|  152

|

|

|  176

|

|

|  211

|

| CRC.d (T/°C)

|  -163 (s)

|  -152 (s)

|  -139 (s)

|

|  -121.4 (s)

|

|

|  -97.6 (s)

|

|

|  -62.3

|

| KAL (T/K)

|

|

|

|  139 (s)

|  152 (s)

|  158 (s)

|  168 (s)

|  176 (s)

|  184 (s)

|  198 (s)

|

|  211

! colspan="13" |  87 Fr francium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  (404)

|  (454)

|  (519)

|

|  (608)

|

|

|  (738)

|

|

|  (946)

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  131 (e)

|  181 (e)

|  246 (e)

|

|  335 (e)

|

|

|  465 (e)

|

|

|  673 (e)

|

! colspan="13" |  88 Ra radium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  819

|  906

|  1037

|

|  1209

|

|

|  1446

|

|

|  1799

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  546 (s)

|  633 (s)

|  764

|

|  936

|

|

|  1173

|

|

|  1526

|

! colspan="13" |  90 Th thorium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2633

|  2907

|  3248

|

|  3683

|

|

|  4259

|

|

|  5055

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2360

|  2634

|  2975

|

|  3410

|

|

|  3986

|

|

|  4782

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.674 - 31483 / (T/K) - 0.5288 log (T/K)

| CR2 || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = -13.447 - 24569 / (T/K) + 6.6473 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | 1686..2715 °C: log (P/Pa) = 11.645 - 28440 / (T/K)

|  2442

|  2672

|  2949

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  91 Pa protactinium

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 15.558 - 34869 / (T/K) - 1.0075 log (T/K)

| CR2 || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 11.183 - 32874 / (T/K)

! colspan="13" |  92 U uranium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2325

|  2564

|  2859

|

|  3234

|

|

|  3727

|

|

|  4402

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  2052

|  2291

|  2586

|

|  2961

|

|

|  3454

|

|

|  4129

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 5.776 - 27729 / (T/K) + 2.6982 log (T/K) - 1.5471 (T/K) 10−3

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 25.741 - 28776 / (T/K) - 4.0962 log (T/K)

|  2422.6

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | SMI.c (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, 1461..2338 °C: log (P/Pa) = 12.005 - 25800 / (T/K)

|  2149

|  2344

|  2579

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  93 Np neptunium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  2194

|  2437

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 24.649 - 24886 / (T/K) - 3.9991 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2500 K: log (P/Pa) = 15.082 - 23378 / (T/K) - 1.3250 log (T/K)

|  2194.1

|  2436.6

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  94 Pu plutonium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1756

|  1953

|  2198

|

|  2511

|

|

|  2926

|

|

|  3499

|

| CRC.b (T/°C)

|  1483

|  1680

|  1925

|

|  2238

|

|

|  2653

|

|

|  3226

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 500 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 23.864 - 18460 / (T/K) - 4.4720 log (T/K)

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to 600 K: log (P/Pa) = 31.166 - 19162 / (T/K) - 6.6675 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2450 K: log (P/Pa) = 8.672 - 16658 / (T/K)

|  1920.9

|  2171.3

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  95 Am americium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1239

|  1356

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 16.317 - 15059 / (T/K) - 1.3449 log (T/K)

|  1238.7

|  1356.1

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

! colspan="13" |  96 Cm curium

|- style="font-weight:bold"

| use (T/K)

|  1788

|  1982

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

| CR2 || colspan="12" | solid, 298 K to m.p.: log (P/Pa) = 13.375 - 20364 / (T/K) - 0.5770 log (T/K)

| rowspan="2" | CR2 (T/K) || colspan="12" | liquid, m.p. to 2200 K: log (P/Pa) = 10.229 - 18292 / (T/K)

|  1788.2

|  1982.0

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

Notes

Values are given in terms of temperature necessary to reach the specified pressure.
Valid results within the quoted ranges from most equations are included in the table for comparison.
A conversion factor is included into the original first coefficients of the equations to provide the pressure in pascals (CR2: 5.006, SMI: -0.875).
Ref. SMI uses temperature scale ITS-48. No conversion was done, which should be of little consequence however.
The temperature at standard pressure should be equal to the normal boiling point, but due to the considerable spread does not necessarily have to match values reported elsewhere.
log refers to log base 10
(T/K) refers to temperature in Kelvin (K)
(P/Pa) refers to pressure in Pascal (Pa)

References

CRC.a-m

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure

:Uncertainties of several degrees should generally be assumed. (e) Indicates extrapolated values beyond the region of experimental data, subject to greater uncertainty. (i) Indicates values calculated from ideal gas thermodynamic functions. (s) Indicates the substance is solid at this temperature. As quoted from these sources:

:*a - Lide, D.R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1994.

:*b - Stull, D., in American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, Gray, D.E., Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, 1972.

:*c - Hultgren, R., Desai, P.D., Hawkins, D.T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K.K., and Wagman, D.D., Selected Values of Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1973.

:*d - TRCVP, Vapor Pressure Database, Version 2.2P, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.

:*e - Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, VCH Publishers, New York, 1993.

:*f - Ohse, R.W. Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994.

:*g - Gschneidner, K.A., in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th Edition, p. 4-112, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1996.

:*h - .

:*i - Wagner, W., and de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State, No. 9. Oxygen, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.

:*j - Marsh, K.N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.

:*k -

:*l -

:*m -

CR2

David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements

:The equations reproduce the observed pressures to an accuracy of ±5% or better. Coefficients from this source:

KAL

National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; Section 3.4.4, D. Ambrose, Vapour pressures from 0.2 to 101.325 kPa. Retrieved Jan 2006.

SMI.a-s

W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 363, Evaporation of Metals

:The equations are described as reproducing the observed pressures to a satisfactory degree of approximation. From these sources:

:*a - K.K. Kelley, Bur. Mines Bull. 383, (1935).

:*b -

:*c - Brewer, The thermodynamic and physical properties of the elements, Report for the Manhattan Project, (1946).

:*d -

:*e -

:*f -

:*g - ;

:*h -

:*i - .

:*j -

:*k - Int. National Critical Tables, vol. 3, p. 306, (1928).

:*l -

:*m -

:*n -

:*o -

:*p -

:*q -

:*r -

:*s - H.A. Jones, I. Langmuir, Gen. Electric Rev., vol. 30, p. 354, (1927).

Vapor pressure

Notes

References

CRC.a-m

CR2

KAL

SMI.a-s

See also