<!--This article is about the position from 1789 to 1947.-->
<!--This article is about the position that existed from 1789 to 1947, not the current position of secretary of defense.-->
The secretary of war was a member of the U.S. Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War", had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving as secretary of war.
The secretary of war was the head of the War Department. At first, he was responsible for the United States Army and the Navy. In 1798, the secretary of the Navy was created by statute, and the scope of responsibility for the War Department was reduced to the Army. From 1886 onward, the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency, after the vice president of the United States, the speaker of the House of Representatives, the president pro tempore of the Senate and the secretary of state.
In 1947, with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947, the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force and a new secretary, the secretary of defense, was created for coordination of the services. Since 1949, the service secretaries, Army, Air Force, and Navy, have been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense. The secretary of the Army's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war's office, with the new secretary of defense taking the secretaries of war and navy positions in the Cabinet, and the line of succession to the presidency.
List of secretaries
Secretary at War (1781–1789)
The office of secretary at war was modeled upon Great Britain's secretary at war, who was William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, at the time of the American Revolution. The office of secretary at war was meant to replace both the commander-in-chief and the Board of War, and like the president of the board, the secretary wore no special insignia. The inspector general, quartermaster general, commissary general, and adjutant general served on the secretary's staff. However, the Army itself under Secretary Henry Knox only consisted of 700 men.
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Secretary of War (1789–1947)
thumb|[[Oath of office|Swearing in of Dwight F. Davis as Secretary of War in 1925. Former secretaries John W. Weeks and Chief Justice William Howard Taft are standing beside him.]]
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!Name
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!Duration
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!Home State
!colspan=2 |President(s)
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|Federalist
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|Federalist
|Pennsylvania
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|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
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|Democratic-Republican
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|Democratic
|Pennsylvania
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|20
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|Democratic
|New York
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|21
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|Whig
|Georgia
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|22
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|Whig
|Virginia
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|Democratic
|Mississippi
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|24
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|Democratic
|Virginia
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|Republican
|Kentucky
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|Republican
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|rowspan=2 |27
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|rowspan=2 |<br>
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|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |Republican
|rowspan=2 |Pennsylvania
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|rowspan=3 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=3 |<br>
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|Republican
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|Republican
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|Republican
|Illinois
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|Republican
|Ohio
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|Republican
|Iowa
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|Republican
|Ohio
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|Republican
|Pennsylvania
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|33
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Iowa
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|rowspan=2 |<br>
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Minnesota
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|rowspan=2 |35
|rowspan=2 |75px
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |Republican
|rowspan=2 |Illinois
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|<br>
|-
|style="background: ;" |
|<br>
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|36
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|Massachusetts
|style="background: ;" |
|<br>
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|37
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Vermont
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|West Virginia
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|Democratic
|New York
|style="background: ;" |
|<br>
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|40
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Michigan
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
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|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |Republican
|rowspan=2 |New York
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|rowspan=3 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=3 |<br>
|-
|42
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Ohio
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|43
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|Republican
|Tennessee
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|44
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|Tennessee
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |<br>
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|New York
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|46
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|New Jersey
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |<br>
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|47
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|Ohio
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|rowspan=2 |48
|rowspan=2 |75px
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |Republican
|rowspan=2 |Massachusetts
|style="background: ;" |
|<br>
|-
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |<br>
|-
|49
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Missouri
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|50
|75px
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Iowa
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |<br>
|-
|51
|75px
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|Oklahoma
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|52
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|Utah
|rowspan=3 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=3 |<br>
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|53
|75px
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|Kansas
|-
|rowspan=2 |54
|rowspan=2 |75px
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 |
|rowspan=2 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=2 |Republican
|rowspan=2 |New York
|-
|rowspan=3 style="background: ;" |
|rowspan=3 |<br>
|-
|55
|75px
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|style="background: ;" |
|Republican
|New York
|-
|56
|75px
|
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|style="background: ;" |
|Democratic
|North Carolina
|}<!--Please DO NOT add Pete Hegseth. He legally and officially remains the Secretary of DEFENSE under United States Code. The legal position of Secretary of War does not exist.-->
See also
- Confederate States Secretary of War
- United States Secretary of Defense