thumb|[[Christof Heyns, then-special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary, or arbitrary executions and Maina Kìai, then-special rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association (2015).]]
thumb|The meetings of the [[United Nations Human Rights Council take place in the Human Rights and Alliance of Civilizations Room of the Palace of Nations, Geneva.]]
Special rapporteur (or independent expert) is the title that the United Nations (UN) gives to independent human rights experts called to report or advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective.
Depending on the specific mandate, there can also be working groups composed of an independent expert from each of the five UN regional groupings: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and the Western group. Their work falls within the scope of "special procedure" mechanisms under the United Nations Human Rights Council,
Appointment authority
Appointed by the Human Rights Council of the UN, these mandate-holders act independently of governments and as such play an important role in monitoring sovereign nations and democratically elected governments and policies. The earliest such appointment was the 1980 Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances responding to Commission on Human Rights resolution 20 (XXXVI). The first special rapporteur, responsible for monitoring extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, began work in 1982 following the approval of Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1982/35.
Rapporteurs do not receive any financial compensation for their work from the United Nations, though they receive personnel and logistical support from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and are often backed by charities and corporations.
Each year, rapporteurs gather together for an annual meeting in Geneva, where they discuss issues of common interest, coordinate their work and meet with a range of stakeholders, including States and civil society organizations.
Role
Special rapporteurs often conduct fact-finding missions to countries to investigate allegations of human rights violations. They can only visit countries that have agreed to invite them.
Aside from fact-finding missions, rapporteurs regularly assess and verify complaints from alleged victims of human rights violations. Once a complaint is verified as legitimate, an urgent letter or appeal is sent to the government that has allegedly committed the violation. If no complaint has been made, rapporteurs may intervene on behalf of individuals and groups of people of their own accord.
Thematic special rapporteurs are typically appointed to serve for three years; after which their mandate may be extended for another three years. Country special rapporteurs are appointed to serve for one year; their term may be renewed every year.
Reception
In June 2006, the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the UN Commission on Human Rights, extended the mandates of all special rapporteurs by one year to enable it to conduct a review of the mandates and seek ways of strengthening their roles. However, special rapporteurs for countries which did not approve a special rapporteur came under question and the mandates of the special rapporteurs for Cuba and Belarus were not renewed.
Other controversies between the special rapporteurs and the council include the introduction of a code of conduct which initially disallowed the special rapporteurs from addressing the media. However a compromise was reached and a code of conduct now exists for the special rapporteurs. The Open Society Foundations openly acknowledges that it wanted to influence a special rapporteur in a grant given to The Center for Women's Global Leadership in 2017.
According to special rapporteurs themselves, this situation is favored by the lack of means provided by the OHCHR. The specific funding of some mandates raises the inequality between them: while some struggle to pay operating costs, others are able to organize conferences across the globe to promote their work.
Current thematic and country mandates
The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council currently oversees 45 thematic and 13 specific country mandates for which it can assign special rapporteurs, independent experts, and working groups.
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|Title
|Mandate established / last extended
|Current mandate holder(s)
|Next expected appointment
|Former mandate holder(s)
|-
| colspan="5" |Thematic Mandates (45)
|-
| rowspan="5" |
| rowspan="5" |2002 (CHR res. 2002/68) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/24)
|Dominique Day (United States of America), appointed at HRC39 (September 2018)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC57 (September 2024)
|Marie-Evelyne Petrus (France), 2017–2018
Mireille Fanon Mendès-France (France), 2011–2017
Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos (Greece), 2009–2011
Joe Frans (Sweden), 2002–2009
|-
|Catherine S. Namakula (Uganda), appointed at HRC46 (March 2021)
|Member from African States: HRC64 (March 2027)
|Sabelo Gumedze (South Africa), 2014–2021
Maya Sahli (Algeria), 2008–2014
Peter Lesa Kasanda (Zambia), 2002–2008
|-
|Miriam Ekiudoko (Hungary), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|Member from EEG States: HRC65 (June 2027)
|Michal Balcerzak (Poland), 2014–2021
Mirjana Najćevska (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), 2008–2014
Irina Moroianu-Zlatescu (Romania), 2002–2008
|-
|Bina D'Costa (Bangladesh), appointed 2023
|Member from AP States: HRC65 (June 2027)
|Sushil Raj (India), 2021–2023
Ricardo III Sunga (Philippines), 2014–2021
Monorama Biswas (Bangladesh), 2008–2014
George Nicolas Jabbour (Syrian Arab Republic), 2002–2008
|-
|, appointed at HRC48 (September 2021)
|Member from GRULAC States: HRC66 (September 2027)
|Ahmed Reid (Jamaica), 2015–2021
Verene Shepard (Jamaica), 2010–2015
Ralston Milton Nettleford (Jamaica), 2008–2010
Roberto Borges Martins (Brazil), 2002–2008
|-
|
|2015 (HRC res. 28/6)/ 2020 (HRC res. 46/12)
|Muluka-Anne Miti-Drummond (Zambia), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|HRC65 (June 2027)
|Ikponwosa Ero (Nigeria), 2015–2021
|-
| rowspan="5" |Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
| rowspan="5" |1991 (CHR res. 1991/42) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/22)
|Elina Steinerte (Latvia), appointed at HRC33 (September 2016)
|Member from EEG States: HRC51 (September 2022)
|Vladimir Tochilovsky (Ukraine), March 2010 – October 2016
Aslan Abashidze (Russian Federation), 2008–2010
Tamas Ban (Hungary), 2001–2008
Petr Uhl (Czech Republic), 1992–2001
|-
|Mumba Malilia (Zambia), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
|Member from African States: HRC63 (September 2026)
|Sètondji Roland Jean-Baptiste ADJOVI (Benin), 2014–2020
Malick El Hadji Sow (Senegal), 2008–2014
Leila Zerrougui (Algeria), 2001–2008
Laity Kama (Senegal), 1992–2001
|-
|Miriam Estrada-Castillo (Ecuador), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
|Member from GRULAC States: HRC63 (September 2026)
|José Guevara (Mexico), 2014–2020
Roberto Garretón (Chile), 2008–2014
Soledad Villagra de Biedermann (Paraguay), 2002–2008
Roberto Garretón (Chile), 1992–2002
|-
|Priya Gopalan (Malaysia), appointed at HRC46 (March 2021)
|Member from AP States: HRC64 (March 2027)
|Seong-Phil Hong (Republic of Korea), 2014–2021
Shaheen Sardar Ali (Pakistan), 2008–2014
Seyyed Mahammad Hashemi (Islamic Republic of Iran), 2002–2008
Kapil Sibal (India), 1992–2001
|-
|Matthew Gillett (New Zealand), appointed at HRC49 (March 2022)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC67 (March 2028)
|Leigh Toomey (Australia), 2015–2022
Mads Andenæs (Norway), 2009–2015
Manuela Carmena (Spain), 2004–2009
Louis Joinet (France), 1992–2003
|-
| rowspan="6" |
| rowspan="6" |2011 (HRC res. 17/4) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/15)
|Pichamon Yeophatong (Thailand), appointed at HRC49 (March 2022)
|Member from AP States: HRC67 (March 2028)
|Surya Deva (India), 2016–2022
Puvan J. Selvanathan (Malaysia), 2011–2015.
|-
|Vacant
|Member from African States: HRC56 (June 2024)
|Githu Muigai (Kenya), appointed at HRC38 (June 2018)
Michael Addo (Ghana), 2011–2018
|-
|Anita Ramasastry (United States of America), appointed at HRC32 (June 2016)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC50 (June 2022)
|Margaret Jungk (United States of America), 2011–2016
|-
|Elzbieta Karska (Poland) appointed at HRC38 (June 2018)
|Member from EEG States: HRC56 (June 2024)
|Pavel Sulyandziga (Russian Federation), 2011–2018
|-
| rowspan="2" |Fernanda Hopenhaym (Mexico), appointed at HRC48 (September 2021)
| rowspan="2" |Member from GRULAC States: HRC66 (September 2027)
|Dante Pesce (Chile), 2015–2021 Alexandra Guáqueta (Colombia), 2011–2015
|-
|John Ruggie (Austria), 2005–2011 (SRSG)
|-
|
|2021 (HRC res. 48/14)
|Elisa Morgera (Italy), appointed at HRC55 (March 2024)
|HRC67 (March 2028)
| (Tuvalu), appointed at HRC49 (2022–2023)
|-
|
|2009 (HRC res. 10/23) / 2021 (HRC res. 46/9)
|Alexandra Xanthaki (Greece), appointed at HRC48 (September 2021)
|HRC66 (September 2027)
|Karima Bennoune (United States of America), 2015–2021
Farida Shaheed (Pakistan), 2009–2015
|-
|
|2016 ( HRC res. 33/14) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/23)
| (India), appointed 2023
|
|Saad Alfarargi (Egypt), 2017–2023
|-
|
|2014 (HRC res. 26/20) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/10)
|Heba Hagrass (Egypt), appointed 2023
|
|Catalina Devandas Aguilar (Costa Rica), 2014–2020
Gerard Quinn (Ireland), 2020–2023
|-
| rowspan="5" |
| rowspan="5" |1980 (CHR res. 20 (XXXVI)) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/3)
|Ana Lorena Delgadillo Perez (Mexiko), appointed 2023
|Member from GRULAC States: HRC52 (March 2023)
|Luciano Hazan (Argentina), 2017–2023
Ariel Dulitzky (Argentina), 2010–2017
Santiago Corcuera Cabezut (Mexico), 2004–2009
Diego García-Sayán (Peru), 1988–2004
Luis Varela Quiros (Costa Rica), 1980–1987
|-
|Aua Baldé (Guinea-Bissau), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
|Member from African States: HRC63 (September 2026)
|Houria Es Slami (Morocco), 2014–2020
Jeremy Sarkin (South Africa), 2008–2014
J'bayo Aekanye (Nigeria), 2000–2008
Jonas Foli (Ghana), 1981–1999
Kwadwo Faka Nyamekye (Ghana), 1980–1981
|-
|Gabriella Citroni (Italy), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC65 (June 2027)
| (Canada), 2014–2021
Olivier de Frouville (France), 2008–2014
Stephen Toope (Canada), 2002–2008
Manfred Nowak (Austria), 1993–2001
Toine Van Dongen (The Netherlands), 1984–1993
Lord Mark Colville (United Kingdom), 1980–1983
|-
|Angkhana Neelapaijit (Thailand), appointed at HRC49 (March)
|Member from AP States: HRC67 (March 2028)
|Tae-Ung Baik (Republic of Korea), 2015–2022
Osman EL Hajjé (Lebanon), 2009–2015
Saied Rajaie Khorasani (Islamic Republic of Iran), 2003–2009
Arnuar Zainal Abidin (Malaysia), 2001–2003
Agha Hilaly (Pakistan), 1981–2000
Waleed Sadi (Jordan), 1980–1981
Mohamed Redha Al-Jabiri (Iraq), 1980–1980
|-
|Grażyna Baranowska (Polen), appointed 2022
|Member from EEG States: HRC50 (June 2022)
|Henrikas Mickevicius (Lithuania), 2015–2022
Jasminka Dzumhur (Bosnia and Herzegovina), 2010–2015
Darko Gottlicher (Croatia), 2004–2009
Ivan Tosevski (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), 1980–2003
|-
|
|1998 (CHR res. 1998/33) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/3)
|Farida Shaheed (Pakistan), appointed 2022
|HRC50 (June 2022)
|Koumbou Boly Barry (Burkina Faso), 2016–2022
Kishore Singh (India), 2010–2016
Vernor Muñoz Villalobos (Costa Rica), 2004–2010
Katarina Tomasevski (Croatia), 1998–2004
|-
|
|2012 (HRC res. 19/10) / 2021 HRC res. 46/7)
|Astrid Puentes Riaño (Colombia), appointed 2024
|HRC56 (June 2024)
|David Richard Boyd (Canada), 2018–2024
John H. Knox (United States of America), 2012–2018
|-
|
|1982 (CHR res. 1982/35) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/5)
| (Chile), appointed at HRC 46 (March 2021)
|HRC64 (June 2027)
|Agnès Callamard (France), 2016–2021
Christof Heyns (South Africa), 2010–2016
Philip Alston (Australia), 2004–2010
Asma Jahangir (Pakistan), 1998–2004
Bacre Waly Ndiaye (Senegal), 1992–1998
Amos Wako (Kenya), 1982–1992
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the right to food
|2000 (CHR res. 2000/10) / 2019 (HRC res. 40/7)
|Michael Fakhri (Lebanon), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Hilal Elver (Turkey), 2014–2020
Olivier De Schutter (Belgium), 2008–2014
Jean Ziegler (Switzerland), 2000–2008
|-
|
|2000 (CHR res. 2000/82)) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/10)
|Attiya Waris (Kenya), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|HRC65 (March 2027)
|Yuefen Li (China), 2020–2021
Juan Pablo Bohoslavsky (Argentina), 2014–2020
Cephas Lumina (Zambia), 2008–2014
Bernards Andrew Nyamwaya Mudho (Kenya), 2002–2008
Fantu Cheru (United States of America/Ethiopia), 2000–2002
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression
|1993 (CHR res. 1993/45) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/4)
|Irene Khan (Bangladesh), appointed at HRC44 (June 2020)
|HRC62 (June 2026)
|David Kaye (United States of America), 2014–2020
Frank William La Rue (Guatemala), 2008–2014
Ambeyi Ligabo (Kenya), 2002–2008
Abid Hussain (India), 1993–2002
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association
|2010 (HRC res. 15/21) / 2019 (HRC res. 41/12)
|Clément Nyaletsossi Voule (Togo) appointed at HRC37 (March 2018)
|HRC55 (March 2024)
|Annalisa Ciampi (Italy), 2017
Maina Kiai (Kenya), 2011–2017
|-
|
|1995 (CHR res. 1995/81) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/17)
|Marcos A. Orellana (Chile), appointed at HRC44 (June 2020)
|HRC62 (June 2026)
|Baskut Tuncak (Turkey), 2014–2020
Marc Pallemaerts (Belgium), 2012–2014
Călin Georgescu (Romania), 2010–2012
Okechukwu Ibeanu (Nigeria), 2004–2010
Fatma-Zohra Ouhachi-Vesely (Algeria), 1995–2004
|-
|
|2002 (CHR res. 2002/31) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/16)
|Tlaleng Mofokeng (South Africa), appointed at HRC 44 (June 2020)
|HRC62 (June 2026)
| (Lithuania), 2014–2020
Anand Grover (India), 2008–2014
Paul Hunt (New Zealand), 2002–2008
|-
|
|2000 (CHR res. 2000/9) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/14)
| (United States of America), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Leilani Farha (Canada), 2014–2020
Raquel Rolnik (Brazil), 2008–2014
Miloon Kothari (India), 2000–2008
|-
|
|2000 (CHR res. 2000/61) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/16)
|Mary Lawlor (Ireland), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Michel Forst (France), 2014–2020
Margaret Sekaggya (Uganda), 2008–2014
Hina Jilani (Pakistan), 2000–2008 (SRSG)
|-
|
|1994 (CHR res. 1994/41) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/9)
|Margaret Satterthwaite (US), appointed in October 2022
|
|Diego García-Sayán (Peru), 2016–2022
Mónica Pinto (Argentina), 2015–2016.
Gabriela Knaul (Brazil), 2009–2015
Leandro Despouy (Argentina), 2003–2009
Param Cumaraswamy (Malaysia), 1994–2003
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples
|2001 (CHR res. 2001/57) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/20)
|José Francisco CALÍ TZAY (Guatemala), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Victoria Tauli-Corpuz (Philippines), 2014–2020
James Anaya (United States of America), 2008–2014
Rodolfo Stavenhagen (Mexico), 2001–2008
|-
|
|2004 (CHR res. 2004/55) / 2022 (HRC res. 50/6)
|Paula Gaviria (Colombia), appointed at HRC51 (September 2022)
|HRC69 (September 2028)
|Cecilia Jimenez-Damary (Philippines), appointed at HRC33 (September 2016)
Chaloka Beyani (Zambia), 2010–2016
Walter Kälin (Switzerland), 2004–2010 (SRSG)
Francis Deng (Sudan), 1992–2004 (SRSG)
|-
|
|2011 (HRC res. 18/6) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/4)
|George Katrougalos (Greece) since 2024
|HRC55 (March 2024)
|Livingstone Sewanyana (Uganda), 2018–2024
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (United States of America), 2012–2018
|-
|
|2005 (CHR res. 2005/55) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/11)
|Cecilia M. Bailliet (Argentina) since 2023
|HRC53 (June 2023)
|Obiora C. Okafor (Nigeria), 2017–2023
Virginia Dandan (Philippines), 2011–2017
Rudi Muhammad Rizki (Indonesia), 2005–2011
|-
|
|2017 (HRC res. 35/9) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/6)
|Beatriz Miranda Galarza (Ecuador), since 2023
|
|Alice Cruz (Portugal), 2017–2023
|-
| rowspan="6" |
| rowspan="6" |2005 (CHR res. 2005/2) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/9)
|Michelle Small (South Africa), since 2024
|Member from African States: HRC55 (March 2024)
|Chris Kwaja (Nigeria), 2018–2024
Anton Katz (South Africa), 2011–2018
Najat AL-Hajjaji (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), 2005–2011
|-
|Carlos Alberto Salazar Couto (Peru), appointed at HRC49 (March 2022)
|Member from GRULAC States: HRC67 (March 2024)
|Lilian Bobea (Dominican Republic) 2018–2022
Patricia Arias (Chile), 2011–2018
Amada Benavides de Perez (Colombia), 2005–2011
|-
|Jovana Jezdimirovic Ranito (Serbia), since 2023
|Member from EEG States: HRC55 (March 2024)
|Jelena Aparac (Croatia) appointed at HRC37 (2018–2023)
Elżbieta Karska (Poland), 2011–2018
Alexander Nikitin (Russian Federation), 2005–2011
|-
|Sorcha MacLeod (United Kingdom), appointed at HRC38 (June 2018)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC56 (June 2024)
|Gabor Rona (United States of America/Hungary), 2011–2018
José Luis Gomez Del Prado (Spain), 2005–2011
|-
| rowspan="2" |Ravindran Daniel (India), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
| rowspan="2" |Member from AP States: HRC63 (September 2026)
|Saeed Mokbil (Yemen), 2014–2020
Faiza Patel (Pakistan), 2010–2014
Shaista Shameem (Fiji), 2005–2010
|-
|Shaista Shameem (Fiji), 2004–2005 (SR)
Enrique Bernales Ballesteros (Peru), 1987–2004 (SR)
|-
|
|1999 (CHR res. 1999/44) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/6)
| (Egypt) since 2023
|HRC53 (June 2023)
|Felipe González Morales (Chile) 2017–2017
François Crepeau (Canada), 2011–2017
(Mexico), 2005–2011
Gabriela Rodriguez Pizarro (Costa Rica), 1999–2005
|-
|
|2005 (CHR res. 2005/79) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/8)
|Nicolas Levrat (Switzerland) since 2023
|HRC53 (June 2023)
| (Canada ) 2017–2023
Rita Izsák-Ndiaye (Hungary), appointed at HRC17 (June 2011)
Gay McDougall (United States of America), 2005–2011
|-
|
|2013 (HRC res. 24/20) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/12)
|Claudia Mahler (Austria), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Rosa Kornfeld-Matte (Chile), 2014–2020
|-
|
|1998 (CHR res. 1998/25) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/13)
|Olivier De Schutter (Belgium), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Philip Alston (Australia), 2014–2020
María Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona (Chile), 2008–2014
Arjun Kumar Sengupta (India), 2004–2008
Anne-Marie Lizin (Belgium), 1999–2004
|-
|
|2015 (HRC res. 28/16)/ 2021 (HRC res. 46/6)
|Ana Brian Nougreres (Uruguay), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|HRC65 (June 2027)
| (Malta), 2015–2021
|-
|
|1993 (CHR res. 1993/20) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/36)
|Ashwini K. P. (India), since 2022
|HRC54 (September 2023)
|E. Tendayi Achiume (Zambia), 2017–2022
Mutuma Ruteere (Kenya), 2011–2017
Githu Muigai (Kenya), 2008–2011
Doudou Diène (Senegal), 2002–2008
Maurice Glele-Ahanhanzo (Benin), 1993–2002
|-
|Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief
|1986 (CHR res. 1986/20) / 2019 (HRC res. 40/10)
|Ahmed Shaheed (Maldives), appointed at HRC32 (June 2016)
|HRC50 (June 2022)
|Heiner Bielefeldt (Germany), August 2010 – October 2016
Asma Jahangir (Pakistan), 2004–2010
Abdelfattah Amor (Tunisia), 1993–2004
Angelo D'Almeida Ribeiro (Portugal), 1986–1993
|-
|
|1990 (CHR res. 1990/68) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/22)
|Mama Fatima Singhateh (Gambia), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Maud de Boer-Buquicchio (the Netherlands), 2014–2020
Najat Maalla M'jid (Morocco), 2008–2014
Juan Miguel Petit (Uruguay), 2001–2008
Ofelia Calcetas-Santos (Philippines), 1994–2001
Vitit Muntarbhorn (Thailand), 1991–1994
|-
|Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity
|2016 (HRC res. 32/2) / 2019 (HRC res. 41/18)
|Graeme Reid (South Africa), since 2023
|HRC54 (September 2023)
|Victor Madrigal-Borloz (Costa Rica), 2017–2023
Vitit Muntarbhorn (Thailand), 2016–2017
|-
|
|2007 (HRC res. 6/14) / 2019 HRC res. 42/10)
| (Japan), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Urmila Bhoola (South Africa), 2014–2020
Gulnara Shahinian (Armenia), 2008–2014
|-
|
|2005 (CHR res. 2005/80) / 2019 (HRC res. 40/16)
|Ben Saul (Australia), appointed at HRC54 (November 2023)
|HRC62 (June 2026)
|Fionnuala Ní Aoláin (Ireland), 2017–2023
Ben Emmerson (United Kingdom), 2011–2017
Martin Scheinin (Finland), 2005–2011
|-
|Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
|1985 (CHR res. 1985/33) / 2020 (HRC res. 43/20)
|Alice Jill Edwards (Australia), appointed at HRC50 (June 2022)
|HRC68 (June 2028)
|Nils Melzer (Switzerland), 2016–2022
Juan E. Méndez (Argentina), 2010–2016
Manfred Nowak (Austria), 2004–2010
Theo VAN BOVEN (The Netherlands), 2001–2004
Sir Nigel Rodley (United Kingdom), 1993–2001
Pieter Kooijmans (The Netherlands), 1985–1993
|-
|
|2004 (CHR res. 2004/110) / 2020 (HRC res. 44/4)
|Siobhán Mullally (Ireland), appointed at HRC 44 (June 2020)
|HRC62 (June 2026)
|Maria Grazia Giammarinaro (Italy), 2014–2020
Joy Ezeilo (Nigeria), 2008–2014
Sigma Huda (Bangladesh), 2004–2008
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation & guarantees of non-recurrence
|2011 (HRC res. 18/7) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/10)
| (Canada) since 2024
|HRC55 (March 2024)
| (Argentina), 2018–2024
Pablo de Greiff (Colombia), 2012–2018
|-
|
|2014 (HRC res. 27/21) / 2020 (HRC res. 45/5)
|Alena Douhan (Belarus), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC 61 (March 2026)
|Idriss Jazairy (Algeria), 2015–2020
|-
|Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
|1994 (CHR res. 1994/45)/ 2019 (HRC res. 41/17)
|Reem Alsalem (Jordan), appointed at HRC47 (June 2021)
|HRC65 (June 2027)
|Dubravka Šimonović (Croatia), 2015–2021
Rashida Manjoo (South Africa), 2009–2015
Yakin Ertürk (Turkey), 2003–2009
Radhika Coomaraswamy (Sri Lanka), 1994–2003
|-
|
|2008 (HRC res. 7/22) / 2019 (HRC res. 42/5)
|Pedro Arrojo-Agudo (Spain), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
|HRC63 (September 2026)
|Léo Heller (Brazil), 2014–2020
Catarina de Albuquerque (Portugal), 2008–2014
|-
| rowspan="5" |
| rowspan="5" |2010 (HRC res. 15/23) / 2019 (HRC res. 41/6)
|Elizabeth Broderick (Australia), appointed HRC36 (September 2017)
|Member from WEOG States: HRC54 (September 2023)
|Frances Raday (Israel/United Kingdom), 2011–2017
|-
|Meskerem Techane (Ethiopia), appointed HRC36 (September 2017)
|Member from African States: HRC54 (September 2023)
|Emna Aouij (Tunisia), 2011–2017
|-
|Ivana Radačić (Croatia), appointed HRC36 (September 2017)
|Member from EEG States: HRC54 (September 2023)
|Eleonora Zielinska (Poland), 2011–2017
|-
|Melissa Upreti (Nepal), appointed HRC36 (September 2017)
|Member from AP States: HRC54 (September 2023)
|Kamala Chandrakirana (Indonesia), 2011–2017
|-
|Dorothy Estrada-Tanck (Mexico), appo
|Member from GRULAC States: HRC63 (September 2026)
|Alda Facio (Costa Rica), 2014–2020
Patricia Olamendi Torres (Mexico) 2012–2013
Mercedes Barquet (Mexico), 2011–2012
|-
! colspan="5" |Country Mandates (13)
|-
!Title
!Mandate established / last extended
!Current Mandate Holder(s)
!Next expected appointment
!Former Mandate Holder(s)
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan
|2021 (HRC res. 48/1)
|Richard Bennett (New Zealand)
|-
|
|2012 (HRC res. 20/13) / 2021 (HRC res. 47/19)
|Anaïs Marin (France), appointed at HRC39 (September 2018)
|HRC57 (September 2024)
|Miklós Haraszti (Hungary), 2012–2018
Adrian Severin (Romania), 2004–2007
|-
|
|2021 (HRC res. 48/16)
| (Burkina Faso), appointed at HRC49 (March 2022)
|HRC67 (March 2028)
|
|-
|
|1993 (CHR res. 1993/6) / 2021 (HRC res. 48/23)
|Vitit Muntarbhorn (Thailand), appointed at HRC46 (March 2021)
|HRC64 (March 2027)
|Rhona Smith (United Kingdom), 2015–2021
Surya Subedi (Nepal), 2009–2015
Yash Ghai (Kenya), 2005–2008
(Austria), 2000–2005
Thomas Hammerberg (Sweden), 1996–2000
Michael Kirby (Australia), 1993–1996
|-
|
|2013 (HRC res. S-20/1 and HRC res. 24/34) / 2021 (HRC res. 48/19)
|Yao Agbetse (Togo), appointed at the HRC42 (September 2019)
|HRC60 (September 2025)
|Marie-Thérèse Keita Bocoum (Côte d'Ivoire), (2014–2019)
|-
|
|2004 (CHR res. 2004/13) / 2021 (HRC res. 46/17)
|Elizabeth Salmon (Peru)
| ??
|Tomás Ojea Quintana (Argentina), 2016–2022
Marzuki Darusman (Indonesia), 2010–2016
Vitit Muntarbhorn (Thailand), 2004–2010
|-
|
|2012 (HRC res. 20/20) / 2021 (HRC res. 47/2)
| (Sudan), appointed at HRC45 (September 2020)
|HRC63 (September 2026)
|Daniela Kravetz (Chile), 2018–2020
Sheila Keetharuth (Mauritius), 2012–2018
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran
|2011 (HRC res. 16/9) / 2021 (HRC res. 46/18)
|Mai Sato (Japan), appointed at HRC56 (July 2024)
|HRC64 (March 2027)
|Javaid Rehman (Pakistan) 2018–2024
Asma Jahangir (Pakistan), 2016–2018
Ahmed Shaheed (Maldives), 2011–2016
Maurice Copithorne (Canada), 1995–2002
Reynaldo Galindo Pohl (El Salvador), 1993–1995
|-
|
|2013 (HRC res. 22/18) / 2021 (HRC res. 46/28)
| since 2024
|HRC55 (March 2024)
|Alioune Tine (Senegal), 2018–2024
Suliman Baldo (Sudan), 2013–2018
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar
|1992 (CHR res. 1992/58) / 2021 (HRC res. 46/21)
|Thomas H. Andrews (United States of America), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Yanghee Lee (Republic of Korea), 2014–2020
Tomás Ojea Quintana (Argentina), 2008–2014
Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro (Brazil), 2002–2008
Rajsoomer Lallah (Mauritius), 1996–2000
Yozo Yokuta (Japan), 1992–1996
|-
|Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967
|1993 (CHR res. 1993/2A - until the end of the Israeli occupation)
|Francesca P. Albanese (Italy), appointed at HRC49 (March 2022)
|HRC67 (March 2028)
|Stanley Michael Lynk (Canada), 2016–2022
Makarim Wibisono (Indonesia), 2014–2016
Richard Falk (United States of America), 2008–2014
John Dugard (South Africa), 2001–2008
Giorgio Giacomelli (Italy), 1999–2001
Hannu Halinen (Finland), 1995–1999
René Felber (Switzerland), 1993–1995
|-
|
|1993 (CHR res. 1993/86) / 2021 (HRC res. 48/22)
|Isha Dyfan (Sierra Leone), appointed at HRC43 (March 2020)
|HRC61 (March 2026)
|Bahame Nyanduga (Tanzania), 2014–2020
Shamsul Bari (Bangladesh), 2008–2014
Ghanim Alnajjar (Kuwait), 2001–2008
Mona Rishmawi (Palestine), 1996–2000
Mohamed Charfi (Tunisia), 1995–1996
Fanuel Jariretundu Kozonguizi (Namibia), 1993–1994
|-
|
|2011 (18th Special Session of the HRC S-18/1)
|Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro (Brazil) – will start once the mandate of the commission of inquiry ends
|
|
|}
See also
- United Nations Human Rights Committee
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
- United Nations Commission on Human Rights
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Special rapporteur
References
External links
- Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council at the United Nations Human Rights Council
- BBC News Special on Special Rapporteurs
- Human Rights Special Procedures: Determinants of Influence Universal Rights Group 2014
- History of the United Nations Special Procedures Mechanism: Origins, Evolution and Reform Universal Rights Group 2014
- The Role of the UN Special Rapporteur