USS Overton (DD-239/APD–23) was a United States Navy Clemson-class destroyer and high-speed transport that saw service during World War II.
Namesake
Macon C. Overton was born on 18 August 1890 in Union Point, Georgia. Captain Overton served in the United States Marine Corps in World War I and was awarded the Croix de Guerre with silver star and palm for action in the Bois de Belleau (13 June 1918) and the Distinguished Service Cross for action near Mont Blanc (2–10 October 1918). He was mortally wounded on 1 November 1918 while guiding a tank against an enemy position at St. George. He was posthumously awarded an oak leaf cluster to his Distinguished Service Cross.
Construction and commissioning
Overton was laid down 30 October 1918 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation. She was named prior to Ceremonial ship launching, and was launched on 10 July 1919, sponsored by Mrs. Margaret C. Overton, mother of Captain Overton. She was commissioned on 30 June 1920.
Service history
Interwar period
Writing to his wife Effie on 5 July 1920, just five days after Overton was commissioned, Commanding Officer Arthur David Murray declared that he was "training a new crew of only three of which have ever been on a destroyer before". Murray reported that he had lost in the previous three weeks and stated, "this is the only ship that has gone in with only one officer - the rest have from four to eight - but I expect more officers any day... so you see it took me only a little over three years to get a battle ship [sic] of my own."
Following shakedown, Overton operated with the 3rd Destroyer Squadron and later with the 5th Destroyer Squadron off the East Coast of the United States. While with the 5th Destroyer Squadron in early September 1920, she assisted in the rescue of the crew of the submarine . She then was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Squadron and ordered to European waters. Departing New York City on 14 September 1920, she joined the Black Sea Detachment at Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire on 5 October 1920. For the next year and a half she performed quasi-diplomatic and humanitarian roles necessitated by the aftermath of World War I. Cruising regularly to Caucasian, Romanian, and Ottoman Black Sea ports, she also steamed into the Mediterranean to visit Levantine cities. She distributed relief supplies, provided transportation and communication services, and relocated refugees. Much of the latter was accomplished following the capitulation of General Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel's White Army to Bolshevik forces in the Crimea in November 1920 during the Russian Civil War. In July 1922, Overton returned to the United States for abbreviated exercises with the Scouting Fleet and, then, in October 1922, as Ottoman-Greek hostilities flared at Smyrna, rejoined the Turkish Waters Detachment for another six-month tour.
In mid-May 1923, Overton steamed west to Italy, from where she returned to New York City, arriving on 12 June 1923. Independent, squadron, and fleet exercises over the next eight years kept her in the Atlantic, interrupted only by two deployments, in 1925 and 1926, to the Pacific for fleet problems.
On 3 February 1931, Overton was placed out of commission in reserve. In 1932 she was placed in rotating reserve commission, and served in that capacity until again decommissioned, in reserve, on 20 November 1937.
World War II
Destroyer
With the outbreak of hostilities in Europe in at the beginning of September 1939, Overton recommissioned on 26 September 1939 and was assigned to the Neutrality Patrol. Moored at Boston, Massachusetts on 7 December 1941, when the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II, her assignments changed little with American entry into the war. Escort of convoys and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) patrols continued, at first to Iceland and then in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. Between July 1942 and February 1943, she performed similar missions along the United States East Coast. Then, from 7 February until 26 May 1943, she escorted convoys between New York and Casablanca in French Morocco. Overhaul followed and toward the end of June 1943 Overton joined one of the first escort carrier groups, Task Group 21.11 centered on the escort carrier . With that group, she covered the Norfolk, Virginia-to-Casablanca convoy route. On 14 and 30 July 1943, planes from her group were credited with sinking the German submarines and , respectively.
Convoys escorted
{|class="wikitable"
!Convoy
!Escort Group
!Dates
!Notes
|-
|HX 155
|
|18-25 Nov 1941
|from Newfoundland to Iceland prior to U.S. declaration of war
|-
|ON 31
|
|4-15 Nov 1941
|from Iceland to Newfoundland prior to US declaration of war
|-
|HX 170
|
|16-24 Jan 1942