The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.
History
After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".
Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty
{| class="wikitable"
|+Dynasty XXI Kings of Egypt
! style="width:130px" |Pharaoh
!Image!! style="width:150px" |Prenomen (Throne name) !! style="width:120px" |Horus-name !! style="width:120px" |Reign !! style="width:60px" |Burial !! style="width:200px" |Consort(s)
!Comments
|-
| Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I
|133x133px|| Hedjkheperre Setepenre || Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat
|| 1077 - 1051 BC || unknown || Tentamun
|Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty.
|-
| Amenemnisu
|100x100px|| Neferkare Heqawaset || (unknown) || 1051 - 1047 BC || unknown ||
|
|-
| Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I
|136x136px
| Akheperre Setepenamun|| Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset || 1047 - 998 BC || NRT III, Tanis|| Mutnedjemet <br> Wiay
|Precise length of reign unknown. Either 49 years or maximum 50 years.
|-
| Amenemope
|alt=|150x150px
| Usermaatre Setepenamun || (unknown) || 1000 - 991 BC || Tanis ||
|Manetho writes in his Epitome that Amenemope ruled Egypt for 9 years with first 2-3 years in co-regency with Psusennes I.
|-
| Osorkon the Elder
|150x150px
| Akheperre Setepenre || (unknown) || 991 - 985 BC || unknown ||
|Osorkon the elder ruled Egypt for 6 years.
|-
| Siamun
|150x150px
| Netjerkheperre Setepenamun || Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef || 985 - 966 BC || unknown ||
|Siamun is believed to have ruled Egypt for 19 years. Egyptologists have amended Manetho's figure of 9 years for this king to [1]9 years based on a Year 17 known for him in the Karnak Priestly Annals
|-
| Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II
|150x150px
| Titkheperure Setepenre || (unknown) || 966 - 943 BC || unknown ||
|
|}
Timeline of the 21st Dynasty
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:100 bottom:100 right:100 left:100
AlignBars = early
DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:-1077 till:-925
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-1077
Colors =
id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97)
id:PA value:green
id:GP value:red
Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas
BarData =
barset:Rulers
PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:Rulers
from: -1077 till: -1051 color:PA text:"Smendes (1077 BC – 1051 BC)"
from: -1051 till: -1047 color:PA text:"Amenemnisu (1051 BC – 1047 BC)"
from: -1047 till: -998 color:PA text:"Psusennes I (1047 BC – 1001 BC)"
from: -1000 till: -991 color:PA text:"Amenemope (1001 BC – 992 BC)"
from: -991 till: -985 color:PA text:"Osorkon the Elder (992 BC – 986 BC)"
from: -985 till: -966 color:PA text:"Siamun (986 BC – 967 BC)"
from: -966 till: -943 color:PA text:"Psusennes II (967 BC – 943 BC)"
barset:skip
</timeline>
Footnotes
Further reading
- Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30
See also
- Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt
- Theban High Priests of Amun
External links
- http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/21en.htm