<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see WP:SDNONE -->
thumb|right|250px|Map of transportation in Sudan (1991).
Transport in Sudan during the early 1990s included an extensive railroad system that served the more important populated areas except in the far south, a meager road network (very little of which consisted of all-weather roads), a natural inland waterway—the Nile River and its tributaries—and a national airline that provided both international and domestic service. Complementing this infrastructure was Port Sudan, a major deep-water port on the Red Sea, and a small but modern national merchant marine. Additionally, a pipeline transporting petroleum products extended from the port to Khartoum.
Only minimal efforts had been expended through the early 1980s to improve existing and, according to both Sudanese and foreign observers, largely inefficiently operated transport facilities. Increasing emphasis on economic development placed a growing strain on the system. Beginning in the mid-1970s, a substantial proportion of public investment funds was allocated for transport sector development. Some progress toward meeting equipment goals had been reported by the beginning of the 1980s, but substantial further modernization and adequately trained personnel were still required. Until these were in place, inadequate transportation was expected to constitute a major obstacle to Sudan's economic development.
Railways
thumb|Railways in Sudan
Total:
Narrow gauge:
0.600m gauge: (2014)
The main line runs from Port Sudan on the Sudanese coast to Khartoum via Atbara. A link also exists between Hayya and Sennar via Kassala. Other lines connect Ad-Damazin with Malakal in South Sudan and Nyala with Geneina and al-Fashir. Modest efforts to upgrade rail transport were reported to be underway in 2013 and 2015 to reverse decades of neglect and declining efficiency.
The main system, Sudan Railways, which was operated by the government-owned Sudan Railways Corporation (SRC), provided services to most of the country's production and consumption centers. In 1959 the railways made up 40% of the Sudanese gross domestic product
Highways
Total:
Paved:
Unpaved:
Urban: Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Sudan: the Cairo-Cape Town Highway from north to south and the N'Djamena-Djibouti Highway from west to east. Estimates of the road network in 2009 ranged upwards from 55,000 kilometers, but it is an inadequate network for the size of the country. the Sudanese Customs Authority, in coordination with the Sea Ports Corporation, has enforced the mandatory use of the Advance Cargo Declaration (ACD) system, also known as the Electronic Cargo Tracking Note.
Under this system, all shipments bound for Sudan must obtain an ACD certificate prior to loading at the port of origin. The certificate generates a unique reference number, which must be included on the bill of lading and validated before the vessel's arrival.
The ACD functions as a pre-arrival declaration and tracking mechanism, providing Sudanese authorities with detailed information about the cargo, vessel, and shipment documents. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in fines, delays, or the rejection or seizure of cargo.
Pipelines
Gas:
Oil:
Refined products: (2013)