Toyota Motor Corporation's M family of engines were a longitudinally mounted straight-6 engine design. They were used from the 1960s through the 1990s. All M family engines were OHC designs. While the M family was born with a chain-driven single camshaft it evolved into a belt-driven DOHC system after 1980. All M family engines used a cast-iron block with an aluminum cylinder head, and were built at the Toyota Kamigo plant in Toyota City, Japan.

The M-E variant, available only in the Japanese domestic market, was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with fuel injection (around the same time as the 4-cylinder 18R-E). The 4M-E was the first Toyota engine to be equipped with fuel injection for non-Japanese markets. The M family were Toyota's most prestigious engines (apart from the uncommon V family V8) for over 30 years. They were commonly found on the large Toyota Crown, Mark II, and Supra models.

M

M

The first M was a version produced from 1965 through 1988. It was a 2-valve SOHC engine. Cylinder bore and stroke was square at . Output was at 5,200 to 5600 rpm, depending on specifications and model year. Typical torque is at 3,800 rpm.

The "M-C" engine, for commercial vehicles such as the Crown Van produces .

Twin sidedraft SU Carburettors pushed output for the M-B and M-D to at 5,800 rpm.

Anti emissions versions, the M-U and M-EU, replaced the M and M-E on the Japanese market in mid 1976. The emissions system was called TTC (Toyota Total Clean), with a "-C" to denote the installation of a catalytic converter. For commercial vehicles, the emissions controlled carburetted version was called the M-J.

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1962–1967 Toyota Crown MS40 (second generation)
  • 1967–1971 Toyota Crown MS50 (third generation)
  • 1971–1974 Toyota Crown MS60/62/70 (fourth generation)
  • 1974–1979 Toyota Crown MS80/82/87/90/100/102/107 (fifth generation)
  • 1979–1983 Toyota Crown MS117V (seventh generation)
  • 1972–1979 Toyota Corona Mark II X10/20/30/40 (second generation)

M-P

An LPG version, the M-P and M-PU was produced from 1966 through 1989. The earliest models were simply called the M-LPG, with the emissions scrubbed M-PU replacing it in mid-1976.

  • 1983–1987 Toyota Crown MS120 (seventh generation)
  • 1987–1989 Toyota Crown MS130 (eighth generation)

M-E

thumb|1973 Toyota M-E engine.

The M-E fuel injected induction system appeared in the 1973–1976 Toyota Mark II (X10) "LG" sedan and hardtop as sold in Japan. It was not sold outside Japan.

The M-E was redesignated as the M-EU for the Japanese market in December 1976 when it received the TTC-C (Toyota Total Clean), catalytic converter to meet anti-emissions laws.

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1973–1980 Toyota Mark II (X10) L and LG sedan and hardtop
  • 1977-1980 Toyota Chaser (X30) SG Touring, SGS, GS sedan and hardtop

M-TEU

The turbocharged M-TEU appeared in 1980 with at 5,600 rpm and at 3,000 rpm. It used a Garret T-03 turbo.

In 1983, Toyota added an air/water intercooler to the M-TEU. Output was bumped to at 5,600 rpm and at 3,000 rpm.

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1980 Toyota Supra MA46
  • 1980 Toyota Soarer MZ10
  • 1980 Toyota Crown
  • 1980 Toyota Corona Mark II
  • 1982–1986 Toyota Celica XX (Japan)

2M

The 2-valve SOHC 2M was stroked to for . It was produced from November 1966 to September 1974. Output was at 5,200 rpm and at 3,600 rpm.

Applications (calendar years):

  • Crown MS45/47 (November 1966 – August 1967) Output was at 6,600 rpm and at 5,000 rpm and a Compression ratio of 8.4:1.

Applications (calendar years):

  • Toyota 2000GT MF10

4M

thumb|Toyota 4M engine.

The engine was bored out to to create the 2-valve SOHC 4M. Produced from 1972 through 1980, output was at 5,600 rpm and at 3,600 rpm.

The fuel-injected 4M-E was produced from 1978 through 1980. It was also a 2-valve SOHC engine. Output was at 4,800 rpm and at 2,400 rpm.

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1978–1980 Toyota Supra
  • 1974–1980 Corona Mark II/Cressida
  • 1971–1979 Toyota Crown

5M

The bore was up again to in the 5M, produced from 1979 through 1988. Although 2-valve SOHC and carbureted versions were made, it is the fuel-injected DOHC 5M-GE that is the most common.

The original federalized version of the SOHC engine produced just at 4,800 rpm and at 3,600 rpm.

In Australia the 5M-E (in 1985) had at 4,800 rpm and at 3,600 rpm due to the particular emissions standards at the time. This engine was used in the Supra in Australia as well as Sweden and Switzerland, while Swiss buyers were also offered this engine in the Cressida and the Crown.

In Europe (aside from Sweden and Switzerland, who received the same spec engine as Australia) the 5M-E produced in the Crown MS112 and the Celica Supra MA61.

Applications (calendar years):

  • 5M
  • Toyota Crown MS112, MS122, MS132
  • 5M-EU (Japan), 5M-E
  • 1979–1989 Toyota Crown MS112, MS122, MS133
  • 1980–1986 Toyota Celica Supra MA47, MA56, MA61
  • 1980–1984 Toyota Cressida MX62/63
  • 1984–1988 Toyota Cressida MX72/73
  • 1988–1993 Toyota Cressida MX82

5M-GE

The 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder) DOHC 5M-GE is familiar as the engine of the Toyota Supra and Toyota Cressida of the 1980s. It was quite different from any previous member of the M family, with Bosch L-Jetronic-derived electronic fuel-injection (using an AFM intake measuring scheme), wide-angle valves, and belt-driven dual camshafts. It used hydraulic valve lifters, a first for Toyota. The use of rocker arms and valve lash adjusters eliminated the need for valve clearance maintenance, a world first for any twin cam engine. This version of the M made its US debut in 1982's Toyota Celica Supra MK2. The 1982 version had a vacuum-advance distributor, whereas the 1983–1988 versions found in the Celica Supra and Cressida had full electronic control of the ignition system and distributor. The newer engine control system found in these later cars was named TCCS, or Toyota Computer Control System and, together with different intake runners, increased max power by from August 1983.

Output ranged from , depending on exhaust system, emissions controls, compression ratio, intake runner shape (earlier models had round intake runners and later models had D-shaped intake runners), and ECU tuning.

There were aftermarket crank and piston kits offered for the 5M-GE that took the displacement up to 2.9 L for and 3.1 L for . Outfitted with kits like the Kuwahara 3100, these engines were often used quite successfully in powerboat racing in the mid-1980s.

Specifications:

  • Valvetrain: DOHC 2 valves per cylinder
  • Forced Induction: None
  • Displacement:
  • Bore x stroke:
  • Compression Ratio: 8.1:1 to 9.2:1
  • Power:
  • Torque:
  • Production: 1982–1988

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1981.07–1986 Toyota Celica XX/Supra MA61

Specifications:

  • Displacement:
  • Bore x stroke:
  • Compression Ratio: 9.1:1
  • Weight:

Applications (calendar years):

  • 1986–1992 Toyota Supra MkIII (MA70)
  • 1989–1992 Toyota Cressida Mark II (MX83)
  • Toyota Chaser
  • Toyota Crown
  • Toyota Cressida 3.0i Twincam/3.0GLS (MX75) South Africa only

<gallery>

7mge head.jpg|Cylinder head from front

7MGE head.jpg|Inlet side of cylinder head

7MGE build1.jpg|Partially built 7MGE

7MGE build2.jpg|Partially built 7MGE

7MGE toyota.jpg| Modified 7MGE engine

</gallery>

7M-GTE

The turbocharged 7M-GTE was produced from 1986 to 1992. Output was at 5,600&nbsp;rpm and at 3,200&nbsp;rpm

  • 1986&ndash;1991 Toyota Soarer (MZ20/MZ21)

<gallery>

File:7M-GTE_side_view.jpg| left side view

File:7M-GTE upside down view.jpg| View of bottom end, with crankshaft and oil pump pickup

File:7M-GTE oil pump.jpg| oil pump and internals

File:7M-GTE_front.jpg| front part, upside down

File:7M-GTE piston.jpg| piston with rod on top of engine

File:7mgte mounted.jpg| engine mounted and running

File:7MGTE_replanted.JPG| engine in bay, refurbished partially

File:CT26_charger.JPG| CT 26 standard turbocharger

</gallery>

See also

  • List of Toyota engines
  • Toyota UZ engine
  • Toyota JZ engine

References

  • The Illustrated History of the M engine
  • 5M and 6M engine Tech Notes
  • 7M engine Tech Notes