Torna atrás

thumb|Spanish father and Albina mother, torna atrás child. [[Miguel Cabrera (painter)|Miguel Cabrera, 1763 Mexico]]

Torna atrás () or tornatrás is a term used in 18th-century casta paintings to portray a mestizo or mixed-race person who showed phenotypic characteristics of only one of the "original races", such as European or Amerindian ancestry. The term was also used to describe an individual whose parentage was half white and half "albino".

| align="center" | Andrés de Islas, 1774

| align="center" | Luis de Mena, ca. 1750

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De Español y d'India; Mestiza
De español y Mestiza, Castiza
De Español y Castiza, Español
De Español y Negra, Mulata
De Español y Mulata; Morisca
De Español y Morisca; Albina
De Español y Albina; Torna atrás
De Español y Torna atrás; Tente en el aire
De Negro y d'India, China cambuja.
De Chino cambujo y d'India; Loba
De Lobo y d'India, Albarazado
De Albarazado y Mestiza, Barcino
De Indio y Barcina; Zambuigua
De Castizo y Mestiza; Chamizo
De Mestizo y d'India; Coyote
Indios gentiles (Heathen Indians)

De Español e India, nace Mestizo
De Español y Mestiza, nace Castizo
De Castizo y Española, nace Española
De Español y Negra, nace Mulata
De Español y Mulata, nace Morisco
De Español y Morisca, nace Albino
De Español y Albina, nace Torna atrás
De Indio y Negra, nace Lobo
De Indio y Mestiza, nace Coyote
De Lobo y Negra, nace Chino
De Chino e India, nace Cambujo
De Cambujo e India, nace Tente en el aire
De Tente en el aire y Mulata, nace Albarazado
De Albarazado e India, nace Barcino
De Barcino y Cambuja, nace Calpamulato
Indios Mecos bárbaros (Barbarian Meco Indians)

Española + Indio, Mestizo
Mestizo + Española, Castizo
Castiza + Espanol, Española
Español + Negra, Mulato
Mulato + Española, Morisca
Morisca + Español, Albino Torna-atrás
Mestiza + Indio, Lobo
Lobo + India, Indio

Philippines

The term tornatrás was also used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era from the 16th to 19th century, to describe persons of mixed Austronesian (referred to in Spanish as indio), Chinese (referred to in Spanish as Sangley), and Spanish ancestry (referred to in Spanish as español (or kastila in Filipino/Tagalog), specifically either filipinos/insulares (Spaniard born/raised in Spanish Philippines) or americanos (Criollo born/raised in Spanish America) or peninsulares (Spaniard born/raised in Iberia) ), or just mixed Chinese and Spanish ancestry.

Although tornatrás was originally used to describe a descendant of mestizos, albinos, and Europeans, in the Philippines they were commonly known as those born from a Spanish father and a mestiza de Sangley (mixed native and Sangley Chinese) mother; they can be born to any mixed native and Spanish parent and any mixed native and Chinese parent. Most tornatrás who were mostly middle-class people in Spanish Philippines used Spanish as their primary language multilingually with Philippine languages, and in many cases converted to the Catholic faith. Examples of famous tornatrás persons in colonial history are José Rizal, Andrés Bonifacio, and Manuel L. Quezon.

Notes

Should not be confused with Albinism

Philippines

See also

Notes

References