Tippecanoe County, Indiana

Tippecanoe County ( ) is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Indiana about east of the Illinois state line, less than from the Indianapolis metro area, and from Chicago. As of the 2020 census, the population was 186,251. The county seat and largest city is Lafayette. It was created in 1826 from Wabash County portion of New Purchase and unorganized territory. Tippecanoe County was formed March 1, 1826, and named for the anglicization of "Kiteepihkwana", a Miami people term meaning "place of the buffalo fish people." The county is best known for Purdue University, the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe, and the Tippecanoe County Courthouse, a structure built in 1881 and included in the National Register of Historic Places. Tippecanoe County is part of the Lafayette, Indiana, Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The history of Tippecanoe County spans six distinct political and cultural periods: Native American lands from at least 8000BC, including the Mississippian culture, French occupation (part of New France beginning in the 1670s), British occupation starting in 1763, part of the United States Northwest Territory in 1787, part of Indiana Territory in 1800, and finally part of the State of Indiana in 1816. The political organization of the county began in 1826 by the act of the Indiana Legislature.

The first European explorers arrived in the 1670s and the first permanent settlement was Fort Ouiatenon by the French established in 1717. Lafayette was platted in 1825 and Purdue University founded in 1869.

Geography

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of , of which (or 99.32%) is land and (or 0.68%) is water.

Adjacent counties

White County (north)
Carroll County (northeast)
Clinton County (east)
Montgomery County (south)
Fountain County (southwest)
Warren County (west)
Benton County (northwest)

Communities

thumb|right|280px|The county courthouse and nearby buildings along the Wabash River in Lafayette and West Lafayette

thumb|right|280px|The view northeast into the town of Battle Ground

Cities

Lafayette
West Lafayette (home of Purdue University)

Towns

Battle Ground
Clarks Hill
Dayton
Otterbein (east half)
Shadeland

Census-designated places

Americus
Buck Creek (formerly Transitville)
Colburn (formerly Chapmanville)
Montmorenci (formerly Bringham's Grove)
Purdue University
Romney (formerly Columbia)
Stockwell (formerly Lauramie)
West Point (formerly Middleton)

Other unincorporated places

Cairo
Concord
Delp
Glen Hall
Monroe (formerly Huntersville)
Octagon
Odell
Pettit

Extinct

Archerville
Beeville
Chauncey (consolidated into West Lafayette)
Corwin
Columbus
Cincinnatus
Clarksburg
Cleveland
Conroe
Erie
Florentine
Fulton (absorbed by Lafayette)
Gerard
Granville (aka Weaton)
Heath
Harrisonville (consolidated into Battle Ground)
Kingston (consolidated into West Lafayette)
LaGrange
Linwood (absorbed by Lafayette)
Little Chicago
Monitor (formerly Cynthyana)
New Market
Oakland (absorbed by Lafayette)
Ouiatenon
Polk-White Corners
Prairieville
Sidney
South Raub
Sugar Grove
Sunberry
Texas
Wheeler's Grove
Wyandot
Yorktown

Townships

thumb|right|280px|A freight train approaches the town of [[South Raub, Indiana|South Raub on the border of Randolph and Wea Townships.]]

Fairfield
Jackson
Lauramie
Perry
Randolph
Sheffield
Shelby
Tippecanoe
Union
Wabash
Washington
Wayne
Wea

Climate and weather

In recent years, temperatures in Lafayette have ranged from an average low of in January to a high of in July, although a record low of was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of was recorded in June 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from inches in February to inches in June. and the Kankakee, Beaverville and Southern Railroad operates a daily-service line running from the northwest to the southeast.

The Amtrak Cardinal stops at the Lafayette Station 3 times a week, and is the only provider of passenger rail service to Greater Lafayette.

Airport

The county contains one public-use airport: Purdue University Airport (LAF) in West Lafayette, Indiana.

Government

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The county council is the fiscal branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. The county council and the board of commissioners share legislative authority. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government. In the 2008 presidential election, Tippecanoe County was one of 15 Indiana counties to give the majority of its votes to Obama/Biden. Due to the sizable support of Purdue University students, Tippecanoe County played a pivotal role in Barack Obama's upset win in Indiana (49.9%–49.0%; 1,367,264 votes to 1,341,101 votes) by supporting the Democratic ticket of Barack Obama and Joe Biden 55.1–43.5% over the Republican ticket of John McCain/Sarah Palin. However, in the 2020 presidential election, Tippecanoe County also voted for Democrat Joe Biden by a margin of 436 votes, the first time since 2008 the county went for the Democrats. In 2024 the county swung back to the Republican column, although Trump only won the county by 100 votes.

Tippecanoe has been somewhat conservative for a county dominated by a college town. While most such counties swung hard to the Democrats in the 1990s, Obama's win in 2008 was only the fourth time it went Democratic in a presidential election since 1888.

Tippecanoe County is one of only thirteen counties to have voted for Obama in 2008, Romney in 2012, Trump in 2016, and Biden in 2020.

Demographics

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 186,251. The median age was 29.6 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 12.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 102.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 102.4 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 72.8% White, 6.0% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.3% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 4.5% from some other race, and 8.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 10.0% of the population.

There were 71,651 households in the county, of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 40.1% were married-couple households, 24.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.9% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The population density was . There were 71,096 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 84.0% white, 6.2% Asian, 4.0% black or African American, 0.3% American Indian, 3.3% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.5% of the population.

Of the 65,532 households, 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 43.5% were non-families, and 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age was 27.7 years.

Education

School districts with territory in the county include Lafayette School Corporation, Tippecanoe School Corporation, West Lafayette Community School Corporation, and Benton Community School Corporation.

Purdue and Ivy Tech each have campuses at other sites in Indiana.

Libraries

Tippecanoe County Public Library
West Lafayette Public Library

Universities and colleges

Purdue University
Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana

High Schools

TSCElston Alternative Education Center
LCSSLafayette Central Catholic Jr/Sr High School
LSCLafayette (city) Jefferson High School
LSCLafayette (city) Oakland High School
TSCLafayette (suburban—south) McCutcheon High School
WLCSCWest Lafayette (city) West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School
TSCWest Lafayette/Lafayette (suburban—north) Harrison High School

Middle Schools/Junior High Schools

Lafayette Sunnyside Middle School
Lafayette Tecumseh Junior High School
TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Middle School
TSC (Harrison) East Tipp Middle School
TSC (Harrison) Klondike Middle School
TSC (McCutcheon) Southwestern Middle School
TSC (McCutcheon) Wainwright Middle School
TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Middle School
West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School
Lafayette Glen Acres Elementary School
Lafayette Miami Elementary School
Lafayette Miller Elementary School
Lafayette Murdock Elementary School
Lafayette (charter) New Community School
Lafayette Vinton Elementary School
TSC (Harrison) Battle Ground Elementary School
TSC (Harrison) Burnett Creek Elementary School
TSC (Harrison) Hershey Elementary School
TSC (Harrison) Klondike Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) Dayton Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) James Cole Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) Mayflower Mill Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) Mintonye Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) Wea Ridge Elementary School
TSC (McCutcheon) Woodland Elementary School
TSC (Harrison/McCutcheon) Wyandotte Elementary School
West Lafayette Elementary School
West Lafayette Intermediate School

Private Schools

Apostolic Christian Academy
Concord School
Faith Christian School
First Assembly Christian Academy
Highland Christian School K–8
Lafayette Catholic Schools K–12
Lafayette Christian School K–8
Lafayette Faith Baptist
Lighthouse Baptist Christian Academy
Pleasantview Christian School
St Boniface 4–6
St James Lutheran K–8
St Mary Cathedral Elementary K–3

Economy

Much of the economy of Tippecanoe County is centered in its two largest communities: Lafayette and West Lafayette. Purdue University is by far the largest employer in the county, but private industry and commerce independent of the university also employ many others. Major employers include Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Wabash National, Caterpillar, Fairfield Manufacturing, Franciscan Health Lafayette, Alcoa, State Farm, and Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital.