The Tioughnioga River () is a tributary of the Chenango River in central New York in the United States. It drains a dissected plateau area east of the Finger Lakes at the northernmost edge of the watershed of the Susquehanna River.
The name comes from a native word for "forks of the river" or "meeting of waters". The river was also called "Tiohujodha" by the Moravian Indians. At one time it was called the Onondaga, as leading to that town, and Teyoghagoga was another early form.
It rises in two branches in upstate New York southeast of the city of Syracuse, with the East Branch sometimes regarded as the main branch. The West Branch, long,