Timeline of the history of Islam (21st century)

21st century (2001–2100) (1421 AH – 1527 AH)

Damascus Spring is brought to an end by the arrest of ten civil society activists who were sentenced to between two and ten years.
Over several weeks beginning on March 2, the Taliban began the systematic shelling and dynamiting of two giant sixth century Buddhas carved into the side of a cliff in the Banyam valley in central Afghanistan. Mullah Mohammed Omar justified the destruction of this UNESCO World Heritage Site on the ground that they were idols under Islamic law.
On September 11, members of the Al Qaeda terrorist organization attacked the United States by hijacking commercial airliners and flying them into the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing upwards of three thousand. In response the United States government would declare a war on terror, beginning with the invasion of Afghanistan.
The 7.7 Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured.

General elections in Pakistan are held after the 1999 military takeover. PML (Q) led by Mian Muhammad Azhar, a pro-military party, gains majority throughout Pakistan. Mir Zafrullah Khan Jamali became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
The riots between Hindus and Muslims in Gujarat, India. More than 5000 reported killed, most of them Muslims.
A terrorist group linked to Al-Qaeda kills more than 200 people in the 2002 Bali bombings.
Chechen rebels take 800 hostages in the Moscow theater hostage crisis. Those who escaped across the Tigris River into Kurdish-controlled areas of Syria on 10 August gave accounts of how they had seen individuals also attempting to flee who later died. Thousands of Yazidi women and girls were forced into sexual slavery by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and thousands of Yazidi men were killed. Moreover, there were 39 Indian construction workers who were executed in the region.
Camp Speicher massacre occurred on 12 June 2014, when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) killed 1,700 or more Iraqi people in an attack on Camp Speicher in Tikrit, Iraq. At the time of the massacre, there were between 5,000 and 10,000 unarmed cadets in the camp, and ISIL fighters selected the Shias and non-Muslims for execution. It is the second deadliest act of terrorism in history.

3 February: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) released a video of Jordanian hostage Muath al-Kasasbeh being burned to death while locked in a cage. Also, ISIL launched another incursion into Arsal, Lebanon, from their base in the countryside near the Syrian border to the west of Flitah, making it the deadliest ISIL incursion into Lebanon since their incursion into Arsal in August 2014. See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2015)
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen is an intervention launched by Saudi Arabia on 26 March 2015, in response to calls from the pro-Saudi president of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after he was ousted by the Houthi movement due to economic and political grievances, and fled to Saudi Arabia. The war received widespread criticism and had a dramatic worsening effect on Yemen's humanitarian situation, that reached the level of a "humanitarian disaster" or "humanitarian catastrophe", and many have labelled it as a genocide.

9 February Iraqi government forces seized the final pocket of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) resistance in the Husayba Al-Sharqiyah District, which was the last ISIL-held village to the east of Ramadi, thus fully expelling ISIL from the area of Ramadi. See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2016)
2016 Karrada bombing On 3 July 2016, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militants carried out coordinated bomb attacks in Baghdad that killed 340 civilians and injured hundreds more.
17 October a major military campaign launched by the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces to liberate the city of Mosul from the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. See also: Mosul liberation

10 July Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi officially announced the liberation of the city of Mosul from the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2017)
9 December Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announce of the complete liberation of Iraqi lands from the hands of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, known in the Middle East as Daesh (ISIL).

Turkey President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan warned that if the Austrian government closes Mosques and expels Muslims, it could lead to war. He said, “These measures taken by the Austrian prime minister are, I fear, leading the world towards a war between the cross and the crescent, "They say they're going to kick our religious men out of Austria. Do you think we will not react if you do such a thing?” he asked, quoted by AFP. “That means we're going to have to do something".
Death of Sami-ul-Haq. On 2 November 2018, Sami-ul-Haq was stabbed multiple times at around 7:00 pm PST at his residence in Bahria Town, Rawalpindi.

2019–2021 Jammu and Kashmir lockdown: India locks down the entire Kashmir valley (a Muslim majority state).

2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war from 27 September – 10 November was an armed conflict between Azerbaijan, supported by Turkey, and the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh together with Armenia, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh.

On 15 August 2021, Taliban forces seize control of most of Afghanistan and declare the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

June: Professional ice hockey player Nazem Kadri became the first Muslim to win the Stanley Cup for the Colorado Avalanche team.
October: Hamas launches an attack on Israel on October 7.

Fall of the Assad regime. On 8 December 2024, the Assad regime collapsed during a major offensive by opposition forces.