thumb|upright=.8|Etruscan bronze thymiaterion (late 6th–early 5th century BCE, Metropolitan Museum, New York
thumb|upright=.8|A woman sprinkles incense on a thymiaterion (Roman funerary altar, 2nd century CE, Skulpturensammlung, Dresden))
A thymiaterion (from Ancient Greek: θυμιατήριον from θυμιάειν thymiaein "to smoke"; plural thymiateria) is a type of censer or incense burner. Thymiateria have been used in the Mediterranean region since antiquity for spiritual and religious purposes and especially in religious ceremonies.
The first mention of thymiateria is found in Herodotus's Historia. They were used for rituals, including temple rituals, weddings, and funerals, in ancient Greece as early as the 6th century BC.