The New York Times International Edition

thumb|right|upright|Front page of the International New York Times of October 15, 2013, the first to be issued under this name before being integrated into The New York Times International Edition in October 2016

The New York Times International Edition is an English-language daily newspaper distributed internationally by the New York Times Company. It has been published in two separate periods, one from 1943 to 1967 and one from 2013 to the present.

First incarnation

Overseas Weekly

The history of the international edition of the New York Times began in June 1943, following a visit by Times publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger to Tehran, where he met with Brigadier General Donald H. Connolly of the Persian Gulf Service Command, who were in charge of moving Allied supplies to the Soviet Union via the Persian Corridor. Morale among the U.S. troops there was low, due to the difficult climate, unrewarding tasks, and isolation away from any of the combat fronts.

In 1952, production of the international edition was shifted from Paris to Amsterdam, as part of minimizing transportation costs. Accordingly, the Times gave their publication a much larger budget for promotion than the Paris Herald Tribune had, and circulation improved somewhat.

The New York Times had money-losing operations in maintaining both a Western U.S. edition and its International Edition.

By then, the International Edition of The New York Times had a circulation of some 32,000, but attracted little advertising.

While the International Edition grew somewhat, it was still losing money and was not competitive with the European edition of the New York Herald Tribune,

The final issue of the first incarnation of the New York Times international edition came out on May 20, 1967. The over 100 people working on it were laid off.

In December 2002, The New York Times Company purchased the 50% stake owned by The Washington Post Company and the paper retained the name International Herald Tribune.

Second incarnation

Change of name, closing of offices

thumb|right|upright|The International New York Times on a branded newsstand in Hong Kong, 11 March 2016

In 2013, the New York Times Company announced that the International Herald Tribune was being renamed The International New York Times.

On October 14, 2013, the International Herald Tribune appeared on newsstands for the last time and ceased publication.

In October 2016, the NYT's international edition was renamed The New York Times International Edition.

In Autumn 2016, the Paris newsroom, which had been the headquarters for editing and preproduction operations of the paper's international edition, was closed, although a news bureau and an advertising office remained.

Defunct newspapers

The Paris Herald

The Paris Herald was founded on 4 October 1887 as the European edition of the New York Herald by the parent paper's owner, James Gordon Bennett, Jr.

Paris Herald Tribune

After the death of Bennett in 1918, Frank Munsey bought the New York Herald and the Paris Herald. Munsey sold the Herald newspapers in 1924 to Ogden Mills Reid of the New-York Tribune, thus creating the New York Herald Tribune, while the European edition became the Paris Herald Tribune.

In 1934, the Paris paper acquired its main competitor: the European Edition of the Chicago Tribune.

In 1959, John Hay Whitney, a businessman and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom, bought the New York Herald Tribune and its European edition. In 1966, the New York Herald Tribune was merged into the short-lived New York World Journal Tribune and ceased publication, but the Whitney family kept the Paris paper going through partnerships. In December 1966 The Washington Post became a joint owner.

International Herald Tribune

The New York Times became a joint owner of the Paris Herald Tribune in May 1967, whereupon the newspaper became known as the International Herald Tribune (IHT).