Texas' 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives serves the northeastern portion of the state of Texas. As of 2022, the 1st district contained 775,992 people. It consists largely of four small East Texas metropolitan areas—Kilgore, Texarkana, Longview–Marshall, and Tyler. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+25, it is one of the most Republican districts in Texas. Prior to this, the district included a population of 651,619 in the 2000 census. Additionally, the population broke down accordingly:
- Under 18: 26.2%
- Over 65: 14.1%
- Married 58.7%
- Non-Hispanic White: 71%
- Black: 18%
- Hispanic: 9%
- Asian: 1%
- Foreign born: 5.3%
- Language other than English: 9.8%
- Median household income: $33,461
- Owner-occupied housing: 71.9%
- Income above $200K: 1.4%
Recent election results from statewide races
2023–2027 boundaries
{| class=wikitable
! Year
! Office
! Results
|-
||2008
| President
| align="right" |McCain 69% - 30%
|-
||2012
| President
| align="right" |Romney 72% - 28%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2014
| Senate
| align="right" |Cornyn 78% - 22%
|-
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 76% - 24%
|-
||2016
| President
| align="right" |Trump 72% - 25%
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2018
| Senate
| align="right" |Cruz 73% - 27%
|-
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 75% - 24%
|-
| Lt. Governor
| align="right" |Patrick 70% - 28%
|-
| Attorney General
| align="right" |Paxton 71% - 27%
|-
| Comptroller of Public Accounts
| align="right" |Hegar 73% - 25%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020
| President
| align="right" |Trump 72% - 26%
|-
| Senate
| align="right" |Cornyn 73% - 26%
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2022
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 77% - 22%
|-
| Lt. Governor
| align="right" |Patrick 76% - 22%
|-
| Attorney General
| align="right" |Paxton 76% - 22%
|-
| Comptroller of Public Accounts
| align="right" |Hegar 77% - 21%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024
| President
| align="right" |Trump 75% - 24%
|-
| Senate
| align="right" |Cruz 73% - 25%
|}
2027–2033 boundaries
{| class=wikitable
! Year
! Office
! Results
|-
||2008
| President
| align="right" |McCain 68% - 31%
|-
||2012
| President
| align="right" |Romney 72% - 28%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2014
| Senate
| align="right" |Cornyn 78% - 22%
|-
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 76% - 24%
|-
||2016
| President
| align="right" |Trump 72% - 25%
|-
| rowspan=5 | 2018
| Senate
| align="right" |Cruz 71% - 28%
|-
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 74% - 25%
|-
| Lt. Governor
| align="right" |Patrick 69% - 29%
|-
| Attorney General
| align="right" |Paxton 71% - 28%
|-
| Comptroller of Public Accounts
| align="right" |Hegar 72% - 26%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2020
| President
| align="right" |Trump 71% - 28%
|-
| Senate
| align="right" |Cornyn 72% - 27%
|-
| rowspan=4 | 2022
| Governor
| align="right" |Abbott 76% - 23%
|-
| Lt. Governor
| align="right" |Patrick 75% - 23%
|-
| Attorney General
| align="right" |Paxton 75% - 23%
|-
| Comptroller of Public Accounts
| align="right" |Hegar 77% - 22%
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2024
| President
| align="right" |Trump 74% - 25%
|-
| Senate
| align="right" |Cruz 73% - 26%
|}
Current composition
For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:
Bowie County (8)
: De Kalb, Maud, Nash, New Boston, Red Lick, Redwater, Texarkana, Wake Village
Camp County (2)
: Pittsburg, Rocky Mound
Cass County (11)
: All 11 communities
Franklin County (2)
: Mount Vernon, Winnsboro
Gregg County (11)
: All 11 communities
Harrison County (6)
: All 6 communities
Marion County (2)
: Jefferson, Pine Harbor
Morris County (5)
: All 5 communities
Panola County (4)
: All 4 communities
Red River County (6)
: All 6 communities
Rusk County (9)
: All 9 communities
Sabine County (3)
: All 3 communities
San Augustine County (2)
: Broaddus, San Augustine
Shelby County (6)
: All 6 communities
Smith County (12)
: All 12 communities
Titus County (4)
: All 4 communities
Upshur County (6)
: Big Sandy, East Mountain, Gilmer, Gladewater (shared with Gregg County), Union Grove, Warren City (shared with Gregg County)
Future composition
Beginning with the 2026 election, the 1st district will consist of the following counties:
- Bowie (part)
- Cass
- Cherokee
- Gregg
- Harrison
- Marion
- Nacogdoches
- Panola
- Rusk
- Sabine
- San Augustine
- Shelby
- Smith
List of members representing the district
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Representative
! Party
! Years
! Cong<br />ress
! width=30% | Electoral history
! Counties represented
|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=6 | District established December 29, 1845
|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | Vacant
| nowrap | December 29, 1845 –<br />March 30, 1846
|
|
| rowspan=3 | 1845–1851<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Fannin, Nacogdoches, Rusk, Harrison, Shelby, Houston, San Augustine, Liberty, Jasper, Jefferson
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | 100px<br />David S. Kaufman<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 30, 1846 –<br />January 31, 1851
|
| Elected in 1846.<br />Re-elected November 2, 1846.<br />Re-elected late August 6, 1849.
|- style="height: 3em"
| align=left | 100px<br />George W. Smyth<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1853 –<br />March 3, 1855
|
| Elected late August 1, 1853.
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100px<br />William S. Herndon<br />
| rowspan=2 | Democratic
| rowspan=2 nowrap | March 4, 1871 –<br />March 3, 1875
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 | Elected late October 6, 1871.
|- style="height:2em"
| align=left | 100px<br />Charles Stewart<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1883 –<br />March 3, 1893
|
| Elected in 1882.<br />Re-elected in 1884.<br />Re-elected in 1886.<br />Re-elected in 1888.<br />Re-elected in 1890.<br />
| 1883–1893<br />Angelina, Trinity, Madison, Brazos, Grimes, Waller, Montgomery, Harris, Polk, San Jacinto, Liberty, Chambers, Jefferson, Orange, Tyler, Jasper, Newton
|- style="height:2em"
| align=left | 100px<br />Joseph C. Hutcheson<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1893 –<br />March 3, 1897
|
| Elected in 1892.<br />Re-elected in 1894.<br />
| 1893–1897<br />Freestone, Leon, Trinity, Madison, Walker, Grimes, Montgomery, Waller, Harris, Chambers
|- style="height:2em"
| align=left | 100px<br />Thomas H. Ball<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1897 –<br />March 3, 1903
|
| Elected in 1896.<br />Re-elected in 1898.<br />Re-elected in 1900.<br />
| 1897–1903<br />Freestone, Leon, Trinity, Madison, Walker, Grimes, Montgomery, Waller, Harris, Chambers
|- style="height:2em"
| align=left | 100px<br />Morris Sheppard<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1903 –<br />February 3, 1913
|
| Redistricted from the and re-elected in 1902.<br />Re-elected in 1904.<br />Re-elected in 1906.<br />Re-elected in 1908.<br />Re-elected in 1910.<br>Resigned after election as U.S. Senator.
| rowspan="2" | 1903–1913<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
|-
| colspan="2" align="left" |Vacant
|February 3, 1913 –<br />March 4, 1913
|
|
|- style="height:2em"
| align=left | 100px<br />Horace W. Vaughan<br />
| | Democratic
| nowrap | March 4, 1913 –<br />March 3, 1915
|
| Elected in 1912.<br />
| 1913–1915<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 |1923–1933<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=10 align=left | 100px<br />Wright Patman<br />
| rowspan=10 | Democratic
| rowspan=10 nowrap | March 4, 1929 –<br />March 7, 1976
| rowspan=10 |
| rowspan=10 | Elected in 1928.<br />Re-elected in 1930.<br />Re-elected in 1932.<br />Re-elected in 1934.<br />Re-elected in 1936.<br />Re-elected in 1938.<br />Re-elected in 1940.<br />Re-elected in 1942.<br />Re-elected in 1944.<br />Re-elected in 1946.<br />Re-elected in 1948.<br />Re-elected in 1950.<br />Re-elected in 1952.<br />Re-elected in 1954.<br />Re-elected in 1956.<br />Re-elected in 1958.<br />Re-elected in 1960.<br />Re-elected in 1962.<br />Re-elected in 1964.<br />Re-elected in 1966.<br />Re-elected in 1968.<br />Re-elected in 1970.<br />Re-elected in 1972.<br />Re-elected in 1974.<br />Died.
|- style="height:2em"
| 1933–1943<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
|- style="height:2em"
| 1943–1953<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
|- style="height:2em"
| 1953–1959<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
|- style="height:2em"
| 1959–1963<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
|- style="height:2em"
| 1963–1967<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Franklin, Titus, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison
|- style="height:2em"
| 1967–1969<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Shelby
|- style="height:2em"
| 1969–1973<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby
|- style="height:2em"
| 1973–1975<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Fannin, Henderson, San Augustine
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | 1975–1977<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Fannin, Henderson, San Augustine, southeastern Hunt, eastern Rains
|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=2 | Vacant
| nowrap | March 7, 1976 –<br />June 19, 1976
|
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 align=left | 100px<br />Sam B. Hall<br />
| rowspan=3 | Democratic
| rowspan=3 nowrap | June 19, 1976 –<br />May 27, 1985
| rowspan=3 |
| rowspan=3 | Elected to finish Patman's term.<br />Re-elected in 1976.<br />Re-elected in 1978.<br />Re-elected in 1980.<br />Re-elected in 1982.<br />Re-elected in 1984.<br />Re-elected in 1978.Resigned to become U.S. District Judge.
|-
| 1977–1983<br />
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=3 | 1983–1993<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Cherokee, Upshur, Shelby, Henderson, San Augustine, northern Hunt
|- style="height:2em"
| colspan=2 | Vacant
| nowrap | May 27, 1985 –<br />August 3, 1985
|
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100px<br />Jim Chapman<br />
| rowspan=2 | Democratic
| rowspan=2 nowrap | August 3, 1985 –<br />January 3, 1997
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 | Elected to finish Hall's term.<br />Re-elected in 1986.<br />Re-elected in 1988.<br />Re-elected in 1990.<br />Re-elected in 1992.<br />Re-elected in 1994.<br />Retired to run for U.S. Senator.
|- style="height:2em"
| 1993–1997<br />Lamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Upshur, Shelby, eastern Hunt, southeastern Gregg, parts of Nacogdoches
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100px<br />Max Sandlin<br />
| rowspan=2 | Democratic
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1997 –<br />January 3, 2005
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 1996.<br />Re-elected in 1998.<br />Re-elected in 2000.<br />Re-elected in 2002.<br />Lost re-election.
| 1997–2003<br />
|- style="height:2em"
| 2003–2005<br />300pxLamar, Red River, Bowie, Delta, Hopkins, Wood, Franklin, Titus, Camp, Morris, Cass, Marion, Harrison, Panola, Rusk, Upshur, Shelby, most of Hunt, northern Nacogdoches
|- style="height:2em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | 100px<br />Louie Gohmert<br />
| rowspan=2 | Republican
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 2005 –<br />January 3, 2023
| rowspan=2 |
| rowspan=2 | Elected in 2004.<br />Re-elected in 2006.<br />Re-elected in 2008.<br />Re-elected in 2010.<br />Re-elected in 2012.<br />Re-elected in 2014.<br />Re-elected in 2016.<br />Re-elected in 2018.<br />Re-elected in 2020.<br />Retired to run for Attorney General of Texas.
| 2005–2013<br />300pxUpshur, Marion, Harrison, Gregg, Smith, Rusk, Panola, Nacogdoches, Shelby, San Augustine, Sabine, Angelina, southeastern Cass
|- style="height:2em"
| 2013–2023<br />300pxAngelina, Gregg, Harrison, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Upshur (part), Wood (part)
|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | 100px<br /> Nathaniel Moran<br />
| | Republican
| nowrap | January 3, 2023 –<br />present
|
| Elected in 2022.<br />Re-elected in 2024.
| 2023–2027<br />300pxBowie (part), Camp, Cass, Franklin, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris, Panola, Red River (part), Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Titus, Upshur (part)
|}
Recent election results
Election results from recent races:
U.S. Representative
See also
- List of United States congressional districts
References
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present