Talsi (; , ) (population 11,371) is a town in the Courland region of Latvia. It is the administrative centre of Talsi Municipality. It is nicknamed the "green pearl of Courland".

Etymology

It is believed that the name is derived from an old Livonian word, talusse, meaning "secluded place".

History

Early history

A hill fort has existed in Talsi at least since the 10th century, originally inhabited by Curonians. The settlement of Talsi is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1231 during the Middle Ages, in a contract between the elders of a Curonian tribe and the papal envoy Baldwin von Alna. During the Northern Crusades, the settlement came under German over-lordship and a castle was built in Talsi during the late 13th century. The settlement grew in the 15th century, when traders and artisans from German-speaking lands settled in Talsi. The presently visible main church of the town was inaugurated in 1567; pastor , a close friend of Ludwig van Beethoven, worked in the church for many years. During the reign of Duke Jacob Kettler, an iron smelting furnace was constructed in Talsi, an early industrial development. The town has suffered from the plague twice (1657 and 1710) and was devastated by a large fire in 1733. The town became part of the Russian Empire in 1795 together with the rest of Courland. At that time, Baltic Germans constituted about sixty percent of the population. At the end of the 18th century, Jews were allowed to settle in Talsi for the first time. Most of the Jews who settled in Talsi originally came from Lithuania and would with time come to form a substantial part of the town population. Eventually a synagogue was built in Talsi.

19th century and World War I

An elementary school opened in 1863 and a private school in 1873 (the latter was for many years the workplace of linguist Kārlis Mīlenbahs); both schools initially taught only in German. In 1887 a Russian-language school was also opened in Talsi. During the Revolution of 1905, there was unrest in the town and several houses burned down and inhabitants killed. During World War I the town suffered heavily and its population decreased from around 5,000 to about 1,100. The entire Jewish population was expelled by Russian military authorities (but some would later return). Peace was not entirely restored until 1920, with the end of the Latvian War of Independence which made Talsi part of the newly proclaimed Latvian republic. The occupying German army used one of the buildings in Talsi as a place where they tortured prisoners; during the Soviet times a bas-relief was put up in commemoration of the victims on the wall of the house. During the Nazi occupation the town's entire Jewish population was murdered. The Germans were aided by ethnic Latvian collaborators. A single Jewish woman was hidden by a local farmer but discovered in 1944 and killed. OnLeču kalns there is a memorial sculpture in remembrance of the Revolution of 1905, when six revolutionaries where killed here. Talsi lake, in the middle of the town, is surrounded by a promenade and there is a fountain installed in the lake.

thumb|800px|center|alt=View of Talsi town centre|View of Talsi's town centre

Culture and religion

thumb|right|Talsi Regional Museum

As mentioned above, the town hosts a regional museum in the former manor house of Baron von Firck. There is also a cultural centre with a "creative yard" in the middle of the town. The town also has two libraries of which one is a children's library.

Sport

Talsi has a municipal school of sport, and hosts an annual rally competition. In addition, there are numerous sports facilities in the town, e.g. skating, ice hockey and association football. and Latvian Regional League Championship member, volleyball club SK Talsi.

Transportation and infrastructure

Talsi is connected to Riga via bus. A journey from Riga to Talsi takes approximately two hours. An airfield was built around outside Talsi during Soviet times. It is used for small planes and occasionally for events.

Notable people

  • Karl Friedrich Amenda (1777–1836), composer, close friend of Ludwig van Beethoven
  • Sara Braun (1862–1955), Chilean businesswoman
  • Arved von Schultz (1883–1967), geographer
  • Frédéric Fiebig (1885–1953), painter
  • Israel Medalyer (1889-1950), grandfather of Robert Rinder
  • Vera Zozulya (born 1956), luger
  • Anita Liepiņa born 1967), athlete
  • Uvis Helmanis (born 1972), basketball player
  • Raimonds Tiguls (brons 1972), musician, composer
  • Romāns Vainšteins (born 1973), cyclist
  • Ilze Indriksone (born 1974), politician
  • Intars Busulis (born 1978), singer
  • Māris Ziediņš (born 1978), ice hockey player
  • Krišjānis Zeļģis (born 1985), poet
  • Artūrs Strēlnieks (born 1985), basketball player
  • Markus Riva (born 1986), singer
  • Jānis Strēlnieks (born 1989), basketball player
  • Dzintars Čīča (born 1993), singer

Events

thumb|Talsi Culture Centre

A number of events are arranged annually in the town. The International Carl Ferdinand Amenda Music School Competition is a classical music competition arranged by the municipality and open for children aged 7–17 years. There is an annual "Talsi Celebration" every year in July, a market fair at the end of August and designated days of poetry and art. In addition, national holidays such as Independence Day (18 November) and Lāčplēsis Day are observed in the town.

  • Alanya, Turkey
  • Lejre, Denmark
  • Orhei, Moldova
  • Prienai, Lithuania
  • Saaremaa, Estonia
  • Shchyolkovo, Russia
  • Söderköping, Sweden
  • Telavi, Georgia
  • Chortkiv, Ukraine

References