Taglish - WikiHQ

thumb|A short interview with [[Metro Manila|Manilan singer and actress Sarah Geronimo in Taglish]]

Taglish or Englog is code-switching and/or code-mixing in the use of Tagalog and English, the most common languages of the Philippines. The words Taglish and Englog are portmanteaus of the words Tagalog and English. The earliest use of the word Taglish dates back to 1973, while the less common form Tanglish is recorded from 1999.

Taglish is widely used in the Philippines, but is also used by Filipinos in overseas communities. It also has several variants, including Coño English, Jejemon and Swardspeak.

Description

Taglish is very widespread in the Philippines and has become the de facto lingua franca among the urbanized and/or educated middle class. It is largely considered the "normal acceptable conversation style of speaking and writing" in informal settings. It is so widespread that a non-native speaker can be identified easily because they predominantly speak Tagalog, whereas a native speaker would switch freely with English.

According to the linguist Maria Lourdes S. Bautista, there are two contrasting types of code-switching in the Philippines: deficiency-driven and proficiency-driven. Deficiency-driven code-switching occurs when those who are not competent in one language must thus switch back to the language that is more familiar. That is common among younger children, as in the example below given by Bautista: However, this practice has spread to other areas where both English and Tagalog/Filipino are spoken, including in areas where Tagalog is not the native language. It is characteristically a form of Tagalog/Filipino that mixes in English words, where Tagalog/Filipino is the substratum and English is the superstratum. Next to code-switching between sentences, clauses, and phrases in "pure" Tagalog and English, Taglish speech also code-mixes especially with sentences that follow the rules of Tagalog grammar with Tagalog syntax and morphology, but that occasionally employs English nouns and verbs in place of their Tagalog counterparts. Examples:

{|class="wikitable"

! English

! Tagalog

! Taglish

|Could you explain it to me?

|Maaaring ipaunawà mo sa akin.

|Maaaring i-explain mo sa akin.

|Could you shed light on it for me?

|Pakipaliwanag mo sa akin.

|Paki-explain mo sa akin.

|Have you finished your homework?

|Natapos mo na ba ang iyong takdáng-aralín?

|Finished/Natapos na ba 'yung homework mo?

|Please call the driver.

|Pakitawag ang tsuper.

|Pakitawag ang driver.

English verbs and even some nouns can be employed as Tagalog verb roots. This is done by the addition of one or more prefixes or infixes and by the doubling of the first sound of the starting form of the noun or verb, consistent with Tagalog morphology but usually retaining English spelling for the roots.

The English verb drive can be changed to the Tagalog word magda-drive meaning will drive (used in place of the Tagalog word magmamaneho). The English noun Internet can also be changed to the Tagalog word nag-Internet meaning have used the Internet.

Taglish also uses sentences of mixed English or Tagalog words and phrases. The conjunctions used to connect them can come from any of the two. Some examples include:

{|class="wikitable"

! English

! Tagalog

! Taglish

|I will shop at the mall later.

|Bibilí ako sa pámilihan mámayâ.

|Magsya-shopping ako sa mall mámayâ.

|I just used ChatGPT for my answer.

|Ginamitan ko lang ng ChatGPT ang sagot ko.

|ChinatGPT ko lang ang sagot ko.

|Please turn on the aircon.

|Pakibuksán iyong érkon.

|Paki-on 'yung aircon.

|I put the chicken in the freezer.

|Nilagay ko ang manok sa freezer.

|Frineezer/Finreezer ko 'yung chicken.

|I cannot understand the topic of his lecture.

|Hindi kó maíntindihán ang paksâ ng pagtuturò niya.

|Hindi kó ma-understand ang topic ng lecture niya.

|Could you fax your estimate tomorrow.

|Pakipadalá na lang ng tantiyá mo sa akin bukas.

|Paki-fax na lang ng estimate mo sa akin bukas.

Because of its informal nature, prescriptivists of English and Tagalog discourage its use.

There are examples of modern books in Taglish: the adventure novel Bullet With A Name (2018) by Kirsten Nimwey, the love novel Aeternum Dream (2018) by Harkin Deximire, and more.

Forms

Swardspeak

Swardspeak is a kind of Taglish/Englog LGBT slang used by the LGBT demographic of the Philippines. It is a form of slang that uses words and terms primarily from Philippine English, Tagalog/Filipino, and/or Cebuano and Hiligaynon, and occasionally as well as Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Sanskrit, or other languages. Names of celebrities, fictional characters, and trademarks are also often used.

Coño English

Coño English (') or Colegiala English () is a sociolect of Taglish that originated from the younger generations of affluent families in Manila. The word coño or ', itself came from . It is a form of Philippine English that mixes Tagalog/Filipino words, where opposite to Taglish, English is the substratum and Tagalog/Filipino is the superstratum.

The most common aspect of Coño English is the building of verbs by using the English word "make" with the root word of a Tagalog verb:

{|class="wikitable"

! English

! Tagalog

! Coño English

|Let's skewer the fishballs.

|Tusukin natin ang mga pishbol.

|Let's make tusok-tusok the fishballs.