Syagrus has been placed in the subfamily Arecoideae, the tribe Cocoseae and the subtribe Attaleinae, together with the genera Allagoptera, Attalea, Beccariophoenix, Butia, Cocos, Jubaea, Jubaeopsis, Parajubaea, and Voanioala.
The genus Lytocaryum is now included in Syagrus. It has been treated as a distinct genus, differentiated only by abundant tomentum, strongly versatile anthers, and slight differences in the pericarp.
Species
, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species and hybrids:
- Syagrus allagopteroides <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus amara <small>(Jacq.) Mart.</small> – overtop palm
- Syagrus amicorum <small>K.Soares & C.A.Guim.</small>
- Syagrus angustifolia <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus aristeae <small>B.F.Sant'Anna-Santos</small>
- Syagrus botryophora <small>(Mart.) Mart.</small>
- Syagrus caerulescens <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus campestris <small>(Mart.) Bomhard</small>
- Syagrus campylospatha <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus cardenasii <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus cataphracta <small>(Mart.) Noblick</small>
- Syagrus cearensis <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus cerqueirana <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus cocoides <small>Mart.</small>
- Syagrus comosa <small>(Mart.) Mart.</smalL>
- Syagrus coronata <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small> – licuri palm
- Syagrus deflexa <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus duartei <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus elata <small>(L.R.Moreno & O.I.Moreno) Noblick</small>
- Syagrus emasensis <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus evansiana <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus flexuosa <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus glaucescens <small>Glaz. ex Becc.</small>
- Syagrus glazioviana <small>(Dammer) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus gouveiana <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus graminifolia <small>(Drude) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus guaratingensis <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus guimaraesensis <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus harleyi <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus hoehnei <small>Burret</small>, syn. Lytocaryum hoehnei
- Syagrus inajai <small>(Spruce) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus insignis <small>(Devansaye) Becc.</small>, syn. Lytocaryum insigne
- Syagrus itacambirana <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus itapebiensis <small>(Noblick & Lorenzi) Noblick & Meerow</small>, syn. Lytocaryum itapebiense
- Syagrus kellyana <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus lilliputiana <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus loefgrenii <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus longipedunculata <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus lorenzoniorum <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus macrocarpa <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>
- Syagrus mendanhensis <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus menzeliana <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus microphylla <small>Burret</small>
- Syagrus minor <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus oleracea <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus orinocensis <small>(Spruce) Burret</small>
- Syagrus petraea <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small>
- Syagrus picrophylla <small>Barb.Rodr.</small>
- Syagrus pimentae <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus pleioclada <small>Burret</small>
- Syagrus pleiocladoides <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus pompeoi <small>K. Soares & R. Pimenta</small>
- Syagrus procumbens <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus pseudococos <small>(Raddi) Glassman</small>
- Syagrus romanzoffiana <small>(Cham.) Glassman</small> – queen palm
- Syagrus rupicola <small>Noblick & Lorenzi</small>
- Syagrus ruschiana <small>(Bondar) Glassman</small>
- Syagrus sancona <small>(Kunth) H. Karst.</small>
- Syagrus santosii <small>K. Soares & C.A. Guim.</small>
- Syagrus schizophylla <small>(Mart.) Glassman</small> – arikury palm
- Syagrus smithii <small>(H.E.Moore) Glassman</small>
- Syagrus stenopetala <small>Burret</small>
- Syagrus stratincola <small>Wess.Boer</small>
- Syagrus vagans <small>(Bondar) A.D. Hawkes</small>
- Syagrus vermicularis <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus weddelliana <small>(H.Wendl.) Becc.</small>, syn. Lytocaryum weddellianum
- Syagrus werdermannii <small>Burret</small>
- Syagrus yungasensis <small>M. Moraes</small>
Hybrids
- Syagrus × altopalacioensis <small>K.Soares & L.C.Assis</small>
- Syagrus × andrequiceana <small>K.Soares & L.C.Assis</small>
- Syagrus × campos-portoana <small>(Bondar) Glassman</small>
- Syagrus × cipoensis <small>K.Soares & L.C.Assis</small>
- Syagrus × costae <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus × lacerdamourae <small>K.Soares & C.A.Guim.</small>
- Syagrus × matafome <small>(Bondar) A.D.Hawkes</small>
- Syagrus × mirandana <small>Noblick</small>
- Syagrus × serroana <small>K.Soares & L.C.Assis</small>
- Syagrus × teixeirana <small>Glassman</small>
- Syagrus × tostana <small>(Bondar) Glassman</small>
Formerly placed here
- Butia campicola <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Noblick</small> (as S. campicola <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Becc.</small>)
- Butia capitata <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small> (as S. capitata <small>(Mart.) Glassman</small>)
- Butia eriospatha <small>(Mart. ex Drude) Becc.</small> (as S. eriospatha <small>(Mart. ex Drude) Glassman</small>)
- Butia paraguayensis <small>(Barb.Rodr.) L.H.Bailey</small> (as S. paraguayensis <small>(Barb.Rodr.) Glassman</small>)
- Butia yatay <small>(Mart.) Becc.</small> (as S. dyerana <small>(Barb. Rodr.) Becc.</small> and S. yatay <small>(Mart.) Glassman</small>)
Distribution
Syagrus is an almost entirely South American genus. The only non-South American species, S. amara, is endemic to five islands in the Lesser Antilles. The genus is found from sea level to elevations of above sea level.
Ecology
S. coronata nuts are the favored food of Lear's macaw, whose bill size and shape are particularly adapted to crack them.
Syagrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Batrachedra nuciferae (recorded on S. coronae) and Paysandisia archon (recorded on S. romanzoffiana).
Cultivation and uses
Syagrus weddellianum is a commonly potted plant throughout Europe. It prefers shade and rich, friable, quickly draining soil with some acidity.
References
- Jones, D. L. (2000). Palms in Australia. Reed Books.