Switzerland competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR. In partial support of the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott, Switzerland competed under the Olympic Flag instead of its national flag. 73 competitors, 67 men and 6 women, took part in 45 events in 10 sports.
Medalists
Gold
- Robert Dill-Bundi — Cycling, Men's 4.000m Individual Pursuit
- Jürg Röthlisberger — Judo, Men's Middleweight (86 kg)
Archery
After not competing in the 1976 archery competition, Switzerland returned in 1980 with four competitors. Lotti Tschanz earned the nation's first top eight finish.
Women's Individual Competition:
- Lotti Tschanz — 2346 points (→ 8th place)
- Erika Ulrich — 2240 points (→ 18th place)
Men's Individual Competition:
- Romeo Frigo — 2364 points (→ 18th place)
- Patrick Jopp — 2190 points (→ 32nd place)
Athletics
Men's 1,500 metres
- Pierre Délèze
:* Heat — 3:44.8 (→ did not advance)
Men's 5,000 metres
- Markus Ryffel
:* Heat — 13:45.0
:* Semi Final — 13:29.3
:* Final — 13:23.1 (→ 5th place)
Men's 10,000 metres
- Markus Ryffel
:* Heat — did not finish (→ did not advance)
Men's Marathon
- Josef Peter
:* Final — 2:24:53 (→ 40th place)
Men's 4×400 metres Relay
- Rolf Strittmatter, Peter Haas, Rolf Gisler, and Urs Kamber
:* Heat — 3:07.2 (→ did not advance)
Men's 400 m Hurdles
- Franz Meier
:* Heat — 50.32
:* Semifinals — 50.12
:* Final — 50.00 (→ 7th place)
Men's Long Jump
- Rolf Bernhard
:* Qualification — 7.98 m
:* Final — 7.88 m (→ 9th place)
Men's High Jump
- Roland Dalhäuser
:* Qualification — 2.21 m
:* Final — 2.24 m (→ 5th place)
Men's Pole Vault
- Felix Böhni
:* Qualification — 5.15 m (→ did not advance)
Men's Shot Put
- Jean-Pierre Egger
:* Qualification — 19.61 m
:* Final — 18.90 m (→ 12th place)
Men's Decathlon
- Stephan Niklaus
:* Final — 7762 points (→ 12th place)
Women's 100 metres
- Brigitte Senglaub
:* Heat — 11.69
:* Quarterfinals — 11.56 (→ did not advance)
- Mosi Alli
:* Heat — 12.19 (→ did not advance)
Women's 1,500 metres
- Cornelia Bürki
:* Heat — 4:05.5 (→ did not advance)
Women's 100 m Hurdles
- Yvonne Von Kauffungen
:* Heat — did not start (→ did not advance)
Canoeing
Cycling
Ten cyclists represented Switzerland in 1980. Robert Dill-Bundi won gold in the individual pursuit.
;Individual road race
- Gilbert Glaus
- Richard Trinkler
- Hubert Seiz
- Jürg Luchs
;Team time trial
- Gilbert Glaus
- Fritz Joost
- Jürg Luchs
- Richard Trinkler
;Sprint
- Heinz Isler
;1000m time trial
- Heinz Isler
;Individual pursuit
- Robert Dill-Bundi
;Team pursuit
- Robert Dill-Bundi
- Urs Freuler
- Hans Känel
- Hans Ledermann
Handball
Men's Team Competition
- Preliminary Round (Group B)
:* Lost to Soviet Union (15-22)
:* Lost to Yugoslavia (21-26)
:* Defeated Kuwait (32-14)
:* Defeated Algeria (26-18)
:* Lost to Romania (16-18)
- Classification Match
:* 7th/8th place: Lost to Poland (22-23) → 8th place
- Team Roster
:* Edi Wickli
:* Ernst Züllig
:* Robert Jehle
:* Roland Brand
:* Max Schär
:* Peter Maag
:* Walter Müller
:* Rudolf Weber
:* Hans Huber
:* Konrad Affolter
:* Hanspeter Lutz
:* Ugo Jametti
:* Peter Jehle
:* Martin Ott
Judo
Rowing
;Men's single sculls
- Bernard Destraz (7th)
;Men's coxless fours
- Jörg Weitnauer, Bruno Saile, Hans-Konrad Trümpler, Stefan Netzle (6th)
;Men's coxed fours
- Daniel Homberger, Peter Rahn, Roland Stocker, Peter Stocker, Karl Graf (6th)
Sailing
Swimming
Men's 100m Freestyle
- Stéfan Voléry
:* Heats — 52,68 (→ did not advance)