Swimming at the Summer Olympics

Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. At the Olympics, swimming has the second-highest number of medal-contested events after athletics.

Summary

{| class="wikitable defaultcenter col4left sticky-table-row1"

! scope="col" width=50|Games

! scope="col" width=50|Year

! scope="col" width=50|Events

! scope="col" width=150|Best nation

! scope="row"| 1

| 1896 || 4 || (1)

! scope="row"| 2

| 1900 || 7 || (1)

! scope="row"| 3

| 1904 || 9 || (1)

! scope="row"| 4

| 1908 || 6 || (2)

! scope="row"| 5

| 1912 || 9 || (2)

! scope="row"| 6

| colspan=4 style="background:pink"|

! scope="row"| 7

| 1920 || 10 || (1)

! scope="row"| 8

| 1924 || 11 || (2)

! scope="row"| 9

| 1928 || 11 || (3)

! scope="row"| 10

| 1932 || 11 || (1)

! scope="row"| 11

| 1936 || 11 || (2)

! scope="row"| 12

| colspan=4 style="background:pink"|

! scope="row"| 13

| colspan=4 style="background:pink"|

! scope="row"| 14

| 1948 || 11 || (4)

! scope="row"| 15

| 1952 || 11 || (5)

! scope="row"| 16

| 1956 || 13 || (1)

! scope="row"| 17

| 1960 || 15 || (6)

! scope="row"| 18

| 1964 || 18 || (7)

! scope="row"| 19

| 1968 || 29 || (8)

! scope="row"| 20

| 1972 || 29 || (9)

! scope="row"| 21

| 1976 || 26 || (10)

! scope="row"| 22

| 1980 || 26 || (1)

! scope="row"| 23

| 1984 || 29 || (11)

! scope="row"| 24

| 1988 || 31 || (2)

! scope="row"| 25

| 1992 || 31 || (12)

! scope="row"| 26

| 1996 || 32 || (13)

! scope="row"| 27

| 2000 || 32 || (14)

! scope="row"| 28

| 2004 || 32 || (15)

! scope="row"| 29

| 2008 || 34 || (16)

! scope="row"| 30

| 2012 || 34 || (17)

! scope="row"| 31

| 2016 || 34 || (18)

! scope="row"| 32

| 2020 || 37 || (19)

! scope="row"| 33

| 2024 || 37 || (20)

Long-course swimming

Men's events

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Current programme

! scope="row"| 50 metres freestyle

| ||

| X

| colspan="17"

| X

| 11

! scope="row"| 100 metres freestyle

| X

| 25

! scope="row"| 800 metre freestyle

| colspan="15"

| X

| 15

! scope="row"| 1500 metre freestyle

| colspan="28"

| X

| 2

! scope="row"| 100 metre backstroke

| colspan="6"

| X

| 24

! scope="row"| 200 metre backstroke

| colspan="15"

| X

| 15

! scope="row"| 100 metre breaststroke

| colspan="15"

| X

| 15

! scope="row"| 200 metre breaststroke

| colspan="6"

| X

| 24

! scope="row"| 100 metre butterfly

| colspan="12"

| X

| 18

! scope="row"| 200 metre butterfly

| colspan="15"

| X

| 15

! scope="row"| 200 metre individual medley

| colspan="15"

| X

| ||

| X

| 13

! scope="row"| 400 metre individual medley

| colspan="14"

| X

| 16

! scope="row"| 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

| colspan="4"

| X

| 26

! scope="row"| 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

| colspan="22"

| X

| 8

! scope="row"| 4 × 100 metre medley relay

| colspan="13"

| X

| 17

|- style="background:lightgray"

! scope="row"| Events

| || || || ||2||3||5||5||5||5||5||5||6||7||8||14||14||13||13||14||15||15||16||16||16||16||16||16||17||17||

Mixed events

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sticky-table-row1 sticky-table-col1" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Current programme

! scope="row"| 4 × 100 metre medley relay

| colspan="28"

| X

| 2

|- style="background:lightgray"

! scope="row"| Events

| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || 1 || 1 ||

Marathon swimming

Events

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! scope="row"| Men's 10 km

| X

| 5

! scope="row"| Women's 10 km

| X

| 5

|- bgcolor=lightgray

! scope="row"| Events

| 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 ||

Medal table

Updated after the 2024 Summer Olympics

<!--

{| ! class=wikitable

!Games

!Event

!Reason

!gold

!silver

!bronze

|colspan=3|Total events||556||556||556

|2000|| 50 m Free Men ||two gold medals ||+1||-1|| 0

|1896|| 100 m Free Men ||no bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||-1

|2008|| 100 m Free Men ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|2012|| 200 m Free Men ||two silver medals ||0 ||+1||-1

|2008|| 100 m Back Men ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|2012|| 100 m Butterfly Men||two silver medals ||0 ||+1||-1

|2016|| 100 m Butterfly Men||three silver medals||0 ||+2||-1

|1988|| 50 m Free Women ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|1984|| 100 m Free Women ||two gold medals ||+1||-1|| 0

|2000|| 100 m Free Women ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|2016|| 100 m Free Women ||two gold medals ||+1||-1|| 0

|2000|| 100 m Back Women ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|2004|| 200 m Back Women ||two bronze medal ||0 ||0 ||+1

|colspan=3|Total medals ||+3||+1||+2

|colspan=3|Total medals||559||557||558

-->

Nations

|- style="background:lightgray"

! scope="row"| Nations

| 4 || 12 || 4 || 14 || 17 || 19 || 23 || 28 || 20 || 29 || 34 || 48 || 33 || 45 || 42 || 51 || 52 || 51 || 41 || 67 || 77 || 92 || 117 || 150 || 152 || 162 || 166 || 169 || 182 || 194 ||

|- style="background:lightgray"

! scope="row"| Swimmers

| 19 || 76 || 32 || 100 || 120 || 116 || 118 || 182 || 128 || 248 || 249 || 319 || 235 || 380 || 405 || 468 || 532 || 471 || 333 || 494 || 633 || 641 || 762 || 954 || 937 || 1026 || 950 || 950 || 1000 || 852 ||

|- style="background:lightgray"

Olympic records

Notable changes to the sport

Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and new developments within the sport.

In the first four Olympics, competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896, the Mediterranean Sea; 1900, the Seine; 1904, an artificial lake; 1906, the Mediterranean). The 1904 Olympics' races were the only ones ever measured in yards, instead of the usual metres. A 100-metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and was located in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbor, marked the beginning of electrical timing.

Male swimmers wore full body swimsuits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster, namely, proper pool depth, elimination of waves, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic, illumination, and swimwear designs.

The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50-metre pool with marked lanes (a standard that remains to this day). In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were first incorporated at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The flip-turn was developed by the 1950s. Swimming goggles were first allowed in 1976.

The butterfly stroke events were not held until 1956. Previous rules permitted the butterfly stroke in breaststroke races. After 1956, when these rules were changed, butterfly became its own stroke entirely.

The 800 m event was added to the women's programme in 1968; whilst longer, this event was not as far as the men's 1500 m event. This discrepancy was evened out in 2020: that year, the 1500 metres was included in the women's programme for the first time and the 800 metres freestyle was added to the men's programme.

Both men and women were granted the 200 metres freestyle race in 1968, giving swimmers an intermediate distance race between 100 metres and 400 metres.

The women's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay race was added in 1996—a men's relay race at that distance had been held since 1912; interestingly, the winning time for the women's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay in 1996 was more than two minutes faster than the men's 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay of 1912. At six Games, the men had two freestyle relay races, while the women had one. Starting with 1996, both genders have two.

The medley relay races (4 × 100 metres) were not held for men or for women until 1960, but they have continued in every Games since then.

Starting in 2008, both men and women compete in 10 km open water marathon swim events.

The mixed 4 × 100 metres medley relay (2 women and 2 men) was added to the programme in the 2020 Olympic Games.

the men’s and women’s 50 m backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly were added to the programme in the 2028 Olympic Games.

Swimming at the Summer Olympics

Summary

Long-course swimming

Men's events

Mixed events

Marathon swimming

Events

Medal table

Nations

Olympic records

Notable changes to the sport

Notes

See also

References

External links