Sweden competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 116 competitors, 99 men and 17 women, took part in 90 events in 16 sports.
Medalists
Gold
- Anders Gärderud — Athletics, Men's 3000 metre Steeplechase
- Bernt Johansson — Cycling, Men's Individual Road Race
- Hans Jacobson, Carl von Essen, Rolf Edling, Göran Flodström, and Leif Högström — Fencing, Men's Team Épée
- John Albrechtson and Ingvar Hansson — Sailing, Tempest Class
Silver
- Ulrika Knape — Diving, Women's Platform
Archery
Three of Sweden's archers from the 1972 Summer Olympics returned in 1976. Anna-Lisa Berglund improved her score by 155 points, moving up 23 places in the rankings. Rolf Svensson also competed again, shooting 26 points and 5 places higher than four years before. Defending silver medallist Gunnar Jervill, however, fell to 14th place.
Women's Individual Competition:
- Anna-Lisa Berglund – 2340 points (11th place)
- Lena Sjöholm – 2322 points (13th place)
Men's Individual Competition:
- Rolf Svensson – 2412 points (11th place)
- Gunnar Jervill – 2406 points (14th place)
Athletics
Men's 800 metres
- Ake Svensson
:* Heat — 1:48.86 (→ did not advance)
Men's Marathon
- Göran Bengtsson — 2:17:39 (→ 14th place)
Men's High Jump
- Rune Almen
:* Qualification — 2.16m
:* Final — 2.18m (→ 10th place)
Men's Discus Throw
- Rickard Bruch
:* Qualification — 58.06m (→ did not advance)
Men's 20 km Race Walk
- Bengt Simonsen — 1:35:31 (→ 26th place)
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Six cyclists represented Sweden in 1976.
;Individual road race
- Bernt Johansson — 4:46:52 (→ Gold Medal)
- Sven-Åke Nilsson — 4:49:01 (→ 29th place)
- Leif Hansson — did not finish (→ no ranking)
- Alf Segersäll — did not finish (→ no ranking)
;Team time trial
- Tord Filipsson
- Bernt Johansson
- Sven-Åke Nilsson
- Tommy Prim
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Seven fencers, six men and one woman, represented Sweden in 1976.
;Men's foil
- Göran Malkar
;Men's épée
- Rolf Edling
- Göran Flodström
- Hans Jacobson
;Men's team épée
- Carl von Essen, Hans Jacobson, Rolf Edling, Leif Högström, Göran Flodström
;Women's foil
- Kerstin Palm
Judo
Modern pentathlon
Three male pentathletes represented Sweden in 1976.
;Individual
- Hans Lager
- Bengt Lager
- Gunnar Jacobson
;Team
- Hans Lager
- Bengt Lager
- Gunnar Jacobson