Sugar Island may refer to:

;Islands

  • Sugar Island (Michigan), in the St. Marys River between Michigan and Ontario
  • Sugar Island (Detroit River), another Michigan island located in the Detroit River
  • Sugar Island (Ohio), one of the Bass Islands in Lake Erie
  • Sugar Island (St. Lawrence River), in the Thousand Islands region of Ontario
  • Sugar Island (Maine), largest island of Moosehead Lake

;Administrative divisions

  • Sugar Island Township, Michigan

;Unincorporated communities

  • Sugar Island, Wisconsin