The sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis) is a seromucous polystomatic exocrine gland. Located underneath the oral diaphragm (diaphragma oris), the sublingual gland is the smallest and most diffuse of the three major salivary glands of the oral cavity, with the other two being the submandibular and parotid. The sublingual gland provides approximately 3-5% of the total salivary volume.

Structure

The sublingual glands are located anterior and superior to the submandibular gland and inferior and lateral to the tongue, as well as inferior to the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth. They are bound laterally by the bone of the mandible and inferolaterally by the mylohyoid muscle. The glands can be palpated posteriorly to each mandibular canine. Placing one index finger within the mouth and the fingertips of the opposite hand outside it, the compressed gland is manually palpated between the inner and outer fingers.

The sublingual gland is constituted by one major duct and approximately 20 small excretory ducts, with the latter often being referred to as ducts of Rivinus. The largest of all, the sublingual duct (of Bartholin) joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. The sublingual caruncle is a small papilla near the midline of the floor of the mouth on each side of the lingual frenum.

Blood supply

The gland receives its blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries.

Clinical significance

Ranulas are the most common pathologic lesion associated with the sublingual glands.

Additional images

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Gray1024.png | Imaging showing the sublingual glands and surrounding structures.

Image:Gray177.png|Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.

File:Slide1vv.JPG|Sublingual gland

File:Slide4ww.JPG|Sublingual gland

File:Slide14ww.JPG|Sublingual gland

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References

  • - "Oral Cavity: Glands"
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  • Salivary gland infections from Medline Plus
  • Salivary gland cancer from American Cancer Society