thumb|A comparison of road corridor capacity and street infrastructure costs

Street reclaiming is the process of converting, or otherwise returning streets to a stronger focus on non-car use — such as walking, cycling and active street life. It is advocated by many urban planners and urban economists, of widely varying political points of view. Its primary benefits are thought to be:

  • Decreased automobile traffic with less noise pollution, fewer automobile accidents, reduced smog and air pollution
  • Greater safety and access for pedestrians and cyclists
  • Less frequent surface maintenance than car-driven roads
  • Reduced summer temperatures due to less asphalt and more green spaces
  • Increased pedestrian traffic which also increases social and commercial opportunities
  • Increased gardening space for urban residents
  • Better support for co-housing and infirm residents, e.g. suburban eco-villages built around former streets

Superblocks, a form of street reclamation, are city areas where traffic is delegated to the exterior rim. According to the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, 667 annual premature deaths could be avoided through their implementation city-wide. The superblock method has also been found to mitigate air pollution, city noise, and urban heat island effect.

Global Initiatives

An early example of street reclamation was the Stockholm carfree day in 1969.

Some consider the best advantages to be gained by redesigning streets, for example as shared space, while others, such as campaigns like "Reclaim the Streets", a widespread "dis-organization", run a variety of events to physically reclaim the streets for political and artistic actions, often called street parties. David Engwicht is also a strong proponent of the concept that street life, rather than physical redesign, is the primary tool of street reclamation.

Seoul, South Korea

For centuries the Cheonggyecheon stream functioned as the principal waterway through what is now downtown Seoul. Following the Korean War, an influx of refugees established informal settlements along its banks, and worsening sanitation conditions prompted the city to concrete over the stream from 1958. In 1976, an elevated four-lane highway was built above it which, at its peak, hosted over 170,000 vehicle crossing daily.

When repairs were needed, the Seoul Metropolitan Government opted to remove the structure instead, replacing the 5.8-kilometer corridor with pedestrian-oriented public space along a restored stream. Public engagement was extensive, with close to 4,000 meetings held with residents, during the planning process.

Civic pressure to reverse the decision began almost immediately, within a campaign group forming in 1970, later joined by a group called "Utrecht weer omsingeld" ("Utrecht surrounded by its city moat again"). The city council agreed to examine the feasibility of restoring the canal in 1989, and a decade later voted to proceed. The motorway, still carrying 11 lanes of traffic when it was decommissioned, closed in early 2010. Water returned to the restored canal in December 2015, reverting the moat to its original state of over eight centuries.

Fortaleza, Brazil

A low-cost intervention in the "Cidade 2000" neighborhood of Fortaleza displayed how quickly the reallocation of road space can shift both behavior and perception. Working with the Global Designing Cities Initiative, city officials transformed a section of Avenida Central over two nights using paint, planters, benches, and new pedestrian crossings, converting more than 1,200 square meters of parking into a public plaza while preserving a narrow lane for local vehicle access.

The share of street space dedicated to people rose from 21% to 73%, and pedestrian numbers in the area grew by 350%. The proportion of local residents who described themselves as feeling safe crossing the street jumped from 11% to 80%, with 94% rating the transformed space as good or very good, all while vehicle throughput across the neighborhood remained unchanged. Locals who had petitioned against the project before it was built subsequently organized in support of making it permanent.