thumb|300px|1799 caricature in which the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian ("God, how it grows; It's terrifying"), Russian ("That should be good to eat"), and Austrian ("Don't touch that, my friend, it's poisonous") monarchs watch how republics spring up like mushrooms around France, spreading towards other European capitals]]
Sister republics (, ) were satellite states of the French Republic set up in the territories captured by the victorious French Army during the French Revolutionary Wars; like their protector, they were revolutionary republics. This became particularly evident after the First French Empire was established in 1804, after which France annexed several sister republics and transformed the remainder into monarchies ruled by members of the House of Bonaparte.
History
The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from Whiggism and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie, most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.
List of Sister Republics
thumb|Map of France and her sister republics in 1798
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Flag
! Name
! Duration
! Location
! Fate
|-
|
| Subalpine Republic
| 1800–1802
| Piedmont
| Annexed by the French Republic.
|-
|
| Piedmontese Republic
| 1798–1799
| Piedmont
| Predecessor to the Subalpine Republic. Conquered by Austro-Russian troops, later reconquered by Napoleon.
|-
|
| Republic of Alba
| 1796 (April 26-April 28)
| Alba
| Predecessor to the Piedmontese Republic; reconquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia.
|-
|
| Parthenopean Republic
| 1799 (January 21-June 13)
| Naples
| Reconquered by the Sanfedisti for the King of Naples and Sicily.
|-
|
| Republic of Pescara
| 1799 (January ?-June 30) [a part of Parthenopean Republic]
| Pescara
| Reunited with the Kingdom of Naples.
|-
|
| Roman Republic
| 1798–1799
| Papal States
| Ended with the restoration of the Papal States.
|-
|
| Anconine Republic
| 1797–1798
| Ancona
| Joined the Roman Republic.
|-
|
| Tiberina Republic
| 1798 (February 4-March 7)
| Perugia
| Joined the Roman Republic.
|-
|
| Ligurian Republic
| 1797–1805
| Genoa
| Annexed by the French Empire.
|-
|
| Republic of Lucca
| 1799 (January 22-July 17); 1800–1805
| Lucca
| Replaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino.
|-
|
| Italian Republic (Napoleonic)
| 1802–1805
| Northern Italy
| Transformed into the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic).
|-
|
| Cisalpine Republic
| 1797–1802
| Northern Italy
| Transformed into the Italian Republic.
|-
|
| Cispadane Republic
| 1796–1797
| Emilia-Romagna
| Merged with the Transpadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
| Bolognese Republic
| 1796 (June 23-October 16)
| Bologna
| Annexed by the Cispadane Republic.
|-
|
| Transpadane Republic
| 1796–1797
| Lombardy
| Merged with the Cispadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
| Republic of Crema
| 1797 (March 28-July 10)
| Crema
| Annexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
| Republic of Bergamo
| 1797 (March 13-June 29)
| Bergamo
| Annexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
| Republic of Brescia
| 1797 (March 18-November 20)
| Brescia
| Annexed by the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
| Provisional Municipality of Venice
| 1797–1798
| Venice
| Ceded to the Austrian Empire by the Treaty of Campo Formio.
|-
|
| Republic of Bouillon
| 1794–1795
| Bouillon (modern-day Belgium)
| Annexed by the French Republic.
|-
|
| Republic of Liège
| 1789–1791
| Prince-Bishopric of Liège (modern-day Belgium)
| Dissolved after restoration of the Prince-Bishopric; later annexed by France.
|-
|
| Rauracian Republic
| 1792–1793
| Basel (modern-day Switzerland)
| Annexed by the French Republic.
|-
|
| Lémanique Republic
| 1798 (January 24-February 12)
| Vaud (modern-day Switzerland)
| Joined the Helvetic Republic as the Canton of Léman.
|-
|
| Republic of Mainz
| 1793
(March 18-22 June)
| Rhenish Hesse and Palatinate (modern-day Germany)
| Collapsed upon the Prussian reconquest of Mainz.
|-
|
| Batavian Republic
| 1795–1806
(1795-1801 Batavian Republic; 1801-1806 Batavian Commonwealth)
| Netherlands
| Replaced by the Kingdom of Holland.
|-
|
| Cisrhenian Republic
| 1797-1801
| West bank of the Rhine (modern-day Germany)
| Proclaimed but not fully established; area annexed by France.
|-
|
| Irish Republic (1798)
| 1798 (August 22-September 23)
| Connacht (Ireland)
| Proclaimed during the Irish Rebellion of 1798; collapsed with the defeat of the Franco-Irish force.
|-
|
| Helvetic Republic
| 1798–1803
| Switzerland
| Dissolved by Napoleon's Act of Mediation.
|-
|
| Altamura
| 1799 (February 8-May 31)
| Altamura (Kingdom of Naples)
| Crushed by Neapolitan royalist forces (the Sanfedisti).
|-
|
| Astese Republic
| 1797 (July 28-July 30)
| Asti
| Short-lived, suppressed and absorbed by the Cisalpine Republic.
|-
|
|
| 1796 (August 26-October 22)
| Reggio Emilia
| Annexed by the Cispadane Republic.
|-
|
| Rhodanic Republic
| 1798 (March 16-May 1); 1802–1810
| Valais (modern-day Switzerland)
| Transformed into the Republic of Valais under French influence, later annexed.
|}
See also
- List of French client states