Silphium is a genus of North American plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.

Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are herbaceous perennial plants growing to to more than tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads that resemble sunflowers. In the rosinweeds, the ray florets in the head are female and the disc florets are male; this differs from sunflowers, where ray florets are sterile and disc florets are perfect, capable of producing both pollen and seeds.

The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.

  • Silphium albiflorum <small>A.Gray</small> – white rosinweed – TX
  • Silphium asteriscus <small>L.</small> – starry rosinweed – TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY
  • Silphium brachiatum <small>Gatt.</small> – Cumberland rosinweed – TN AL GA
  • Silphium compositum <small>Michx.</small> – kidneyleaf rosinweed – TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV
  • Silphium glutinosum <small>J.R. Allison</small> AL
  • Silphium integrifolium <small>Michx.</small> – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT
  • Silphium laciniatum <small>L.</small> – compassplant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT
  • Silphium laeve <small>Hook.</small>
  • Silphium mohrii <small>Small</small> – Mohr's rosinweed – TN AL GA
  • Silphium perfoliatum <small>L.</small> – cup plant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL INKY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB
  • Silphium perplexum <small>J.R.Allison</small> – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL
  • Silphium pinnatifidum <small>Elliott</small> – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY TN
  • Silphium radula <small>Nutt.</small> – roughstem rosinweed – KS MO AR OK TX LA
  • Silphium terebinthinaceum <small>Jacq.</small> – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT
  • Silphium ternatum <small>Sessé & Moc.</small> – Mexico
  • Silphium trifoliatum <small>L.</small> – whorled rosinweed – AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV
  • Silphium wasiotense <small>M.Medley</small> – Appalachian rosinweed – KY TN

<gallery>

Silphium integrifolium.jpg|Silphium integrifolium (rosinweed) flowers

Silphium laciniatum leaves (9292304354).jpg|Silphium laciniatum (compass plant) leaves

Durchwachsene Silphie (Silphium perfoliatum) Aug13@03.jpg|Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant) flowers in Lower Saxony, Germany

Silphium terebinthinaceum leaves.jpg|Silphium terebinthinaceum (prairie dock) leaves

</gallery>

Formerly included

Numerous species are now regarded as members of the genera Berlandiera and Verbesina.