Shalmaneser (Salmānu-ašarēd) was the name of five kings of Assyria:
- Shalmaneser I ( 1274–1245 BC)
- Shalmaneser II (1030–1019 BC)
- Shalmaneser III (859–824 BC)
- Shalmaneser IV (783–773 BC)
- Shalmaneser V (727–722 BC), who appears in the Bible as the conqueror of the Kingdom of Israel
It may also refer to:
- Shalmaneser, an artificial intelligence in John Brunner's 1968 novel Stand on Zanzibar
- Salmanazar, a wine bottle size measuring 9 litres
- George Psalmanazar (c. 1679–1763), a Frenchman who posed as a Formosan immigrant