Setsuko (written: or in hiragana) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
- , later of Japan
- , actress
- , Japanese volleyball player
- , Japanese actress and model
- Setsuko Klossowska de Rola (born 1942), Japanese painter
- Setsuko Kobori Japanese table tennis player
- Koizumi Setsuko (小泉節子, 1868–1932), wife of Lafcadio Hearn
- Setsuko Matsunaga Nishi (1921–2012), Japanese pioneering community activist and researcher
- , Japanese yōga painter
- , Japanese volleyball player
- , Japanese swimmer
- , Japanese novelist
- , Japanese–Canadian nuclear disarmament campaigner
- , Japanese novelist
- , Japanese volleyball player
Fictional characters
- Setsuko, a character in the film Grave of the Fireflies
- Setsuko Ohara, a character in the game Super Robot Wars Z