thumb|Synanthedon tipuliformis, larva
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.
The family consists of 165 genera spread over two subfamilies, containing in total 1525 species and 49 subspecies, most of which occur in the tropics, though there are many species in the Holarctic region as well, including over a hundred species known to occur in Europe.
Morphology
Sesiidae are characterized by their hymenopteriform Batesian mimicry, frequently of identifiable species. In European species, the wing span ranges from 8 to 48 mm.
Taxonomy
- Subfamily Tinthiinae <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Tribe Tinthiini <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Microsphecia <small>Bartel, 1912</small>
- Tinthia <small>Walker, [1865]</small>
- Sophona <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Zenodoxus <small>Grote & Robinson, 1868</small>
- Conopsia <small>Strand, [1913]</small>
- Paranthrenopsis <small>Le Cerf, 1911</small>
- Entrichella <small>Bryk, 1947</small>
- Negotinthia <small>Gorbunov, 2001</small>
- Trichocerota <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Paradoxecia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Rectala <small>Bryk, 1947</small>
- Ceratocorema <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Caudicornia <small>Bryk, 1947</small>
- Bidentotinthia <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2003</small>
- Tarsotinthia <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2003</small>
- Tyrictaca <small>Walker, 1862</small>
- Tribe Pennisetiini <small>Naumann, 1971</small>
- Pennisetia <small>Dehne, 1850</small>
- Corematosetia <small>Kallies & Arita, 2001</small>
- Tribe Paraglosseciini <small>Gorbunov & Eitschberger 1990</small>
- Oligophlebia <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Isothamnis <small>Meyrick, 1935</small>
- Cyanophlebia <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2001</small>
- Lophocnema <small>Turner, 1917</small>
- Diapyra <small>Turner, 1917</small>
- Micrecia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Tribe Similipepsini <small>Špatenka, Laštuvka, Gorbunov, Toševski & Arita, 1993</small>
- Similipepsis <small>Le Cerf, 1911</small>
- Gasterostena <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2003</small>
- Subfamily Sesiinae <small>Boisduval, 1828</small>
- Tribe Sesiini <small>Boisduval, 1828</small>
- Sesia <small>Fabricius, 1775</small>
- Trilochana <small>Moore, 1879</small>
- Cyanosesia <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1995</small>
- Sphecosesia <small>Hampson, 1910</small>
- Teinotarsina <small>Felder, 1874</small>
- Lenyra <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Aegerosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Lamellisphecia <small>Kallies & Arita, 2004</small>
- Clavigera <small>Kallies & Arita, 2004</small>
- Eusphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1937</small>
- Scasiba <small>Matsumura, 1931</small>
- Callisphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Madasphecia <small>Viette, 1982</small>
- Melittosesia <small>Bartsch, 2009</small>
- Barbasphecia <small>Pühringer & Sáfián 2011</small>
- Afrokona <small>Fischer, 2006</small>
- Hovaesia <small>Le Cerf, 1957</small>
- Lenyrhova <small>Le Cerf, 1957</small>
- Tribe Cissuvorini <small>Duckworth & Eichlin 1977</small>
- Toleria <small>Walker, [1865]</small>
- Chimaerosphecia <small>Strand, [1916]</small>
- Glossosphecia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Cissuvora <small>Engelhardt, 1946</small>
- Dasysphecia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Tribe Osminiini <small>Duckworth & Eichlin 1977</small>
- Osminia <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Chamanthedon <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Microsynanthedon <small>Viette, [1955]</small>
- Calasesia <small>Beutenmüller, 1899</small>
- Aenigmina <small>Le Cerf, 1912</small>
- Cabomina <small>de Freina, 2008</small>
- Pyranthrene <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Homogyna <small>Le Cerf, 1911</small>
- Aschistophleps <small>Hampson [1893]</small>
- Pyrophleps <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2000</small>
- Heterosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Melanosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Akaisphecia <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1995</small>
- Callithia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Tribe Melittiini <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Melittia <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
- Desmopoda <small>Felder, 1874</small>
- Agriomelissa <small>Meyrick, 1931</small>
- Afromelittia <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1997</small>
- Cephalomelittia <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1995</small>
- Macroscelesia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Tribe Paranthrenini <small>Niculescu, 1964</small>
- Nokona <small>Matsumura 1931</small>
- Taikona <small>Arita & Gorbunov, 2001</small>
- Scoliokona <small>Kallies & Arita, 1998</small>
- Rubukona <small>Fischer, 2007</small>
- Adixoa <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Pramila <small>Moore, 1879</small>
- Vitacea <small>Engelhardt, 1946</small>
- Phlogothauma <small>Butler, 1882</small>
- Paranthrene <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
- Pseudosesia <small>Felder, 1861</small>
- Albuna <small>Edwards, 1881</small>
- Euhagena <small>Edwards, 1881</small>
- Sincara <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Tirista <small>Walker, [1865]</small>
- Thyranthrene <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Sura <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Tribe Synanthedonini <small>Niculescu, 1964</small>right|thumb|[[Synanthedon sp.]]
- Synanthedon <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
- Ravitria <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 2000</small>
- Kantipuria <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1999</small>
- Kemneriella <small>Bryk, 1947</small>
- Ichneumenoptera <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Paranthrenella <small>Strand, [1916]</small>
- Anthedonella <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1999</small>
- Schimia <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1999</small>
- Uncothedon <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 1999</small>
- thumb|[[Synanthedon myopaeformis]]Palmia <small>Beutenmüller, 1896</small>
- Podosesia <small>Möschler, 1879</small>
- Sannina <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Nyctaegeria <small>Le Cerf, 1914</small>
- Carmenta <small>Edwards, 1881</small>
- Penstemonia <small>Engelhardt, 1946</small>
- Camaegeria <small>Strand, 1914</small>
- Malgassesia <small>Le Cerf, 1922</small>
- Lophoceps <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Tipulamima <small>Holland, 1893</small>
- Rodolphia <small>Le Cerf, 1911</small>
- Alcathoe <small>Edwards, 1882</small>
- Pseudalcathoe <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Macrotarsipus <small>Hampson, [1893]</small>
- Grypopalpia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Hymenoclea <small>Engelhardt, 1946</small>
- Euryphrissa <small>Butler, 1874</small>
- Leptaegeria <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Aegerina <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Stenosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Bembecia <small>Hübner, [1819]</small>
- Pyropteron <small>Newman, 1832</small>right|thumb|300px|The fiery clearwing moth, [[Pyropteron chrysidiformis]]
- Dipchasphecia <small>Capuse, 1973</small>
- Chamaesphecia <small>Spuler, 1910</small>
- Weismanniola <small>Naumann, 1971</small>
- Ichneumonella <small>Gorbunov & Arita, 2005</small>
- Crinipus <small>Hampson, 1896</small>
- Genera unassigned to tribe
- Alonina <small>Walker, 1856</small>
- Anaudia <small>Wallengren, 1863</small>
- Augangela <small>Meyrick, 1932</small>
- Austrosetia <small>Felder, 1874</small>
- Ceritrypetes <small>Bradley, 1956</small>
- Conopyga <small>Felder, 1861</small>
- Echidgnathia <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Episannina <small>Aurivillius, 1905</small>
- Erismatica <small>Meyrick, 1933</small>
- Gymnosophistis <small>Meyrick, 1934</small>
- Hymenosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Isocylindra <small>Meyrick, 1930</small>
- Lepidopoda <small>Hampson, 1900</small>
- Leuthneria <small>Dalla Torre, 1925</small>
- Megalosphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Melisophista <small>Meyrick, 1927</small>
- Metasphecia <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Mimocrypta <small>Naumann, 1971</small>
- Monopetalotaxis <small>Wallengren, 1859</small>
- Pedalonina <small>Gaede, 1929</small>
- Proaegeria <small>Le Cerf, 1916</small>
- Pseudomelittia <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Tradescanticola <small>Hampson, 1919</small>
- Uranothyris <small>Meyrick, 1933</small>
- Vespanthedon <small>Le Cerf, 1917</small>
- Xenoses <small>Durrant, 1924</small>
- Zhuosesia <small>Yang, 1977</small>
References
- Edwards, E.D., Gentili, P., Horak, M., Kristensen, N.P. and Nielsen, E.S. (1999). The cossoid/sesioid assemblage. Ch. 11, pp. 183–185 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.). Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie. Eine Naturgeschichte der Stämme des Tierreiches / Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Band / Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta Teilband / Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York.
External links
- Dr. Franz Pühringer: Sesiidae
- Sesiidae of Serbia in English
- Synanthedon exitiosa, peachtree borer on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Synanthedon scitula, dogwood borer on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Australian moths online Gallery
- Images of Sesiidae moths in New Zealand
- Deltakey Family description and nineteenth century plates.
