Semester at Sea

thumb|upright=1.4|alt=Large blue-and-white ship|The docked in [[La Guaira, Venezuela, a port sometimes visited by Semester at Sea]]

Semester at Sea (SAS) is a study-abroad program founded in 1963 and managed by the nonprofit Institute for Shipboard Education (ISE) in Fort Collins, Colorado. Colorado State University is the current academic sponsor Nearly 73,000 undergraduate students from more than 1,500 colleges and universities have participated in Semester at Sea.

Each spring and fall semester, up to 600 undergraduates participate in the 100- to 110-day program. During the semester, the ship often circumnavigates the globe, traveling east (across the Atlantic) or west (across the Pacific) and visiting 10 to 11 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and North America. Although the program sometimes has voyages through the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez Canal, piracy concerns in the Gulf of Aden have often caused the voyage to go around the southern part of Africa.

History

In 1926, Prof. James Edwin Lough of New York University organized the Floating University, an educational seven-month around-the-world voyage, for which he sailed as dean. The voyage, which took place aboard the Holland America liner SS Ryndam, embarked from and returned to Hoboken, New Jersey, after traveling 35,000 miles and visiting 47 ports in 33 countries. Former Kansas Governor Henry J. Allen sailed as a member of the faculty, while the government class interviewed the King of Siam and Benito Mussolini. According to contemporary reporting, commencement exercises for the program were held aboard ship, reportedly marking the first college graduation ceremony conducted at sea, while the King of Siam invited the group to Bangkok as official guests during the voyage. The Floating University had a second voyage that set sail in 1928. which chartered the Holland America liner MS Seven Seas. The first voyage sailed later that year.

Early plans for the program included a proposed land-based campus in Ramona, California, where students would spend part of their studies between voyages. The founders envisioned a flexible international program combining shipboard study, overseas study, and coursework at the California campus. The following year, the program name was changed to World Campus Afloat. SS Universe,

In June 1980, the University of Pittsburgh signed an agreement to become the academic sponsor of the Semester at Sea program. When C.Y. Tung died in 1982, his family continued to subsidize the program.

1990–1999

During the Fall 1993 voyage, an interpreter for Mikhail Gorbachev joined the program and arranged for several Semester at Sea students to meet the former Soviet leader in Moscow.

Students aboard a Semester at Sea voyage visited Hong Kong in 1994 and met C.Y.'s son Tung Chee-hwa, whose family had longstanding ties to the program through the Institute for Shipboard Education and his father's Seawise Foundation. Three years later, Tung became the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong.

Also in 1994, Semester at Sea included Vietnam on its itinerary for the first time since the end of the Vietnam War, in 1975. The program stated that its students would be among the first from the United States to visit the country since the lifting of the U.S. trade embargo against Vietnam. During a visit to South Africa that same year, Semester at Sea students attended an African National Congress rally where Nelson Mandela introduced the group to the crowd and asked the students to stand and be recognized.

In 1996, on behalf of Semester at Sea, C.Y. Tung's Seawise Foundation leased the , a much larger ship than its predecessor, the SS Universe, which had been experiencing mechanical issues. That same year, ISE began hosting a shorter summer Semester at Sea program focused on a single region, as well as its first summer voyage, a 57-day South Pacific itinerary.

In 1999, Semester at Sea conducted what was described as the largest sanctioned visit to Cuba by American college students in nearly four decades. That same year, MTV filmed portions of its reality series Road Rules aboard the SS Universe Explorer, following several cast members participating in a Semester at Sea voyage.

During the 1990s, several voyages were affected by accidents. A student died in a 1993 hiking accident, and five students were killed in a bus crash during a field trip in India in 1996.

2000–2009

In 2000, students aboard Semester at Sea met with Cuban leader Fidel Castro during a stop in Havana, where he participated in a nearly five-hour question-and-answer session. Visits to Cuba stopped in 2004, due to new restrictions by the Bush Administration.

In 2005, Semester at Sea announced that it would move its academic sponsorship from the University of Pittsburgh to the University of Virginia.

Nobel Peace Prize laureate Desmond Tutu made his first full sailing with the program during the Spring 2007 voyage, as the distinguished lecturer in residence. When he sailed again in 2010, he received the Lifetime African Achievement award from the Millennium Excellence Foundation based in Ghana, which the ship visited during the spring voyage.

In 2008, a University of Wisconsin student was killed in a traffic accident during a port stop in Hong Kong.

During the 2000s, several voyages were altered due to accidents, severe weather, and geopolitical events. In fall 2000, the SS Universe Explorer was damaged in a collision and later rerouted due to security concerns in the Suez region. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, a voyage was redirected to avoid the Suez Canal.

2010–2019

The Enrichment Voyages program for continuing education participants offered shorter voyages between academic semesters; the final Enrichment Voyage sailed in 2014.

In May 2011, Semester at Sea introduced a 26-day Maymester voyage with a curriculum based around the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. The program was discontinued after 2012 due to low enrollment.

Throughout the decade, several voyages were altered due to regional health and security concerns, including itinerary changes during the Western African Ebola virus epidemic.

Several student fatalities occurred. During the fall 2010 voyage, a University of California, Santa Barbara student died of what family members described as natural causes while the ship was docked in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In 2012, a University of Virginia student died in a boating accident in Dominica during an independently organized excursion while participating in the fall voyage. In 2017, a St. Edward's University student died after falling from a pagoda in Myanmar.

2020–present

The Spring 2020 voyage was significantly altered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Several planned ports were canceled, and students disembarked early in Cape Town following a U.S. State Department travel advisory. Coursework was completed remotely.

On May 12, 2020, Semester at Sea announced that the Fall 2020 voyage was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Academics

While the ship is at sea, students attend classes in a number of subjects and disciplines, including humanities courses relevant to one or more of the countries on the itinerary. All students are required to take an interdisciplinary, core global-studies course. Although Colorado State University is the program's academic sponsor, Semester at Sea is open to students from any university. Faculty members are drawn from colleges and universities throughout the United States and around the world.

No classes are taught in port, and students can take Semester at Sea-sponsored trips or travel independently in the port country. Before arriving at a port, they are briefed on the culture and customs of the country they are visiting. At pre-port events, guest speakers, including community leaders and American ambassadors, deliver lectures to the students and faculty.

Shipboard life combines classroom instruction with residential and cultural programming. Voyages include pre-port briefings, guest lecturers from upcoming countries on the itinerary, and interdisciplinary coursework tied to upcoming destinations. Continuing-education passengers, known as Lifelong Learners, also participate in voyages and may audit classes. Students also participate in mandatory safety drills and emergency-preparedness procedures during voyages.

Voyages also include shipboard traditions associated with long ocean crossings, including Neptune Day ceremonies held during equator crossings.

On the ship, Semester at Sea voyages employ librarians, medical staff, counselors, IT specialists, and security personnel in addition to academic instructors, alongside administrative staff located on the campus of the program's academic sponsor.

Ships

thumb|upright=1.4|alt=A ship at sea|The MV Explorer departing [[Southampton in June 2013]]

thumb|upright=1.4|alt=Long, white ship|The SS Universe Explorer docked in [[Vancouver, British Columbia, shortly before embarking on the fall 1997 Semester at Sea voyage.]]

Semester at Sea has used a number of ships as its floating campus, including the MS Seven Seas (the name's similarity to the program's original name was a coincidence), At the time, the ship was reported to contain approximately 10,000 library volumes, described as the largest library aboard any ship afloat.

The Seawise University, Universe, and Universe Explorer were supplied and managed by Tung's Seawise Foundation. In 2005, the University of Pittsburgh ended its sponsorship of Semester at Sea, citing concerns involving governance issues, the relationship between the Institute for Shipboard Education and the Seawise Foundation, and the safety of the MV Explorer. The Institute for Shipboard Education disputed Pitt's characterization of the separation and later filed suit against the university.

A lease was announced in May 2015 for the ship previously known as the to be renovated, re-flagged and renamed the , operated by V-Ships.

Ports of call

The program itinerary differs each semester, and the ship typically docks at 10 or 11 ports. An early-1990s spring itinerary included Nassau, Caracas, Salvador (Brazil), Cape Town, Mombasa, Chennai, Singapore, Shanghai, Osaka and Hong Kong. More recent voyages have explored Hawaii, Japan, China, Vietnam, Myanmar, India, Mauritius, South Africa, Ghana, Morocco, and the Netherlands. The fall 2019 itinerary included the Netherlands, Poland, the Kiel Canal, Portugal, Spain, Croatia, Morocco, Ghana, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, the Panama Canal, Ecuador and Costa Rica. The Summer of 2012 voyage aboard the MV Explorer included Spain, Italy, Croatia, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, and Portugal. Denmark was a port of call in summer 2008, Namibia in fall 2008, Bulgaria in summer 2009 and Senegal in fall 2015 (the program's first visits to those countries).

Semester at Sea had one summer voyage in 1996. The ship left from Ensenada, Mexico and spent two months in the South Pacific, stopping in Papeete, Tahiti; Auckland, New Zealand; Sydney, Australia; Suva, Fiji; Apia, Samoa; and Hilo, Hawaii before ending the voyage in Seattle, Washington.

Notable people

Semester at Sea alumni include television host Joan Lunden, actress Cynthia Nixon, filmmaker Stephen Gaghan, comedian Iliza Shlesinger, Olympic gymnast Kerri Strug, and U.S. representative Kat Cammack.

Faculty members, guest lecturers, and visitors have included Arthur C. Clarke, Fidel Castro, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nelson Mandela, Sandra Day O'Connor, Mother Teresa, and Desmond Tutu.