Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon

thumb|300px|A Soviet-made ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" in California during a USMC exercise, 1997

An anti-aircraft vehicle, also known as a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) or self-propelled air defense system (SPAD), is a mobile vehicle with a dedicated anti-aircraft capability.

Specific weapon systems used include machine guns, autocannons, larger guns, or surface-to-air missiles, and some mount both guns and longer-ranged missiles (e.g. the Pantsir missile system). Platforms used include both trucks and heavier combat vehicles such as armoured personnel carriers and tanks, which add protection from aircraft, artillery, and small arms fire for front line deployment.

Anti-aircraft guns are usually mounted in a quickly-traversing turret with a high rate of elevation, for tracking fast-moving aircraft. They are often in dual or quadruple mounts, allowing a high rate of fire. In addition, most anti-aircraft guns can be used in a direct-fire role against surface targets. Today, surface-to-air missiles (generally mounted on similar turrets) have largely supplanted anti-aircraft guns.

Examples

Some examples of modern SPAAG:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"

!style="text-align: left;"|Model

!Manufacturer

!Image

!style="text-align: left;"|Origin

!style="text-align: left;"|Platforms

!style="text-align: left;"|Weapons

! style="text-align: left;" |Caliber and ammunitions

!Number built

!style="text-align: left;"|Notes

|CS/SA5 SPAAG

|Norinco

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Type 08

|1 × Gatling gun (6 barrels)

2 × FN-6A

|30 × 113 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|PGZ-95 SPAAA

| rowspan="2" |Norinco

| rowspan="2" |180x180px

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" |—

|4 × PG-87

4 × QW-2 IR missiles

| rowspan="2" |25 x 183 mmB

| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |~ 270

|PGZ-04/A SPAAA

|4 × Type 87

4 × FN-6 IR missiles

|Upgraded variant of PGZ-95 SPAAA

|PGZ-09 SPAAA

|Norinco

|180x180px

|PLZ-05 chassis

|2 × PG99

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|<ref>Page 216

https://irp.fas.org/doddir/army/atp7-100-3.pdf</ref>

|PGZ 625

PGL-XX (Code name 625)

|Norinco

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Type 08

|1 × Gatling gun (6 barrels)

4 to 8 × FN-16 (for PGZ 625E)

|25 × 287 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|PGL-12 (Type 12)

|Norinco

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Type 08

|1 × 35 mm revolver cannon

4 × FN-6 in PGZ-04A pod.

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Machbet

|IAI

(Israeli Aircraft Industries)

|M113

|1 × M61A1 Vulcan Gatling gun (6 barrels)

4 × FIM-92 Stinger

|20 × 102 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Entered service in 1997, retired in 2006

|OTOMATIC

"OTO Main Anti-aircraft Tank for Intercept and Combat"

|OTO-Melara

|180x180px

|Hulls of the:

Leopard 1A2
OF-40 Mk.2
Palmaria

|1 × Cannone 76/62 OTO-Breda Super Rapido

|76 × 636 mmR

| style="text-align: center;" |2

|SIDAM 25

|OTO Breda

|180x180px

|M113

|4 × Oerlikon KBA

|25 × 137 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |275

|Stryker M-SHORAD

"Maneuver Short Range Air Defense"

|Leonardo DRS

|184x184px

|Stryker

|1 × XM914 (M230LF chain gun)

1 M240 (7.62mm)

4 × FIM-92 Stinger

2 × AGM-114L Hellfire

|30 × 113 mm

7.62 × 51 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |312 to 361

|Type 87 SPAAG

|MHI

(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries)

|180x180px

|Type 74 tank

|2 × Oerlikon KDA

HEI ammunition

| style="text-align: center;" |52

|Kongsberg RS6

MADIS RWS MK2

"Marine Air Defense Integrated System US Marine Corps Ground Based Air Defense"

|Kongsberg

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Oshkosh JLTV

|1 × XM914E1 (M230LF chain gun)

1 × M240C (7.62mm)

2 × Air-to-Air Stinger

|30 × 113 mm

7.62 × 51 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Future USMC SHORAD system

|PZA Loara

|180x180px

|T-72M chassis

|2 × Oerlikon KDA

HEI ammunition

| style="text-align: center;" |2 - 4

|SA-35

|PIT-RADWAR

PGZ

(Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa)

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Jelcz 6×6

|1 × Oerlikon KDA

|35 x 228 mm

Air burst programmable rounds

| style="text-align: center;" |—

Developed from AM-35K naval gun.

|ZSU-23-4MP Biała

|ZMT SA

(Zakłady Mechaniczne Tarnów)

|180x180px

|—

|4 × AZP-23

4 × Grom IR missiles

|23 × 152 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |~ 70

|Polish modernised variant

|Mangart 25

|Valhalla Turrets

|180x180px

|Oshkosh JLTV

|1 × Oerlikon KBA

1 × FN MAG

Option for short-range IR missiles

|25 × 137 mm

7.62 × 51 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|K263 Cheongoong SPAAG

|Doosan

|180x180px

|K200A1 KIFV

|1 × KM167 A1 VADS

Gatling gun (6 barrels)

|20 × 102 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |200

|K30 Bi Ho

"Flying Tiger"

|Doosan

|182x182px

|K200A1 KIFV

|2 × Oerlikon KCB

|30 × 170 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |176

|K30 Bi Ho Hybrid

"Flying Tiger"

|Hanwha Aerospace

LIG Nex1

|180x180px

|K808 White Tiger

|2 × Oerlikon KCB

2 × LIG Nex1 Chiron

|30 × 170 mm

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|K30 Bi Ho II

"Flying Tiger"

|Joint Venture

Hanwha Aerospace

SAMI (Saudi Arabian Military Industries)

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|K808 White Tiger

|1 × Oerlikon KCB-B

4 SAM

|30 × 170 mm

Air burst programmable munitions

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|In development

|Lvkv 9040

Luftvärnskanonvagn 9040

|BAE Systems Bofors

|180x180px

|CV90

|1 × 40 mm Bofors L/70B autocannon

|40 × 365 mm

| style="text-align: center;" |30

|Flakpanzer Gepard

| rowspan="2" |Oerlikon Contraves

Krauss-Maffei

|180x180px

| rowspan="2" |

Leopard 1

|2 × Oerlikon KDA

HEI ammunition

| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |570

| rowspan="2" |

|Flakpanzer Gepard 1A2

|180x180px

|2 ×

|35 x 228 mm

Airburst programmable rounds AHEAD

|Skyranger 30

|Rheinmetall Air Defence (Oerlikon)

|180x180px

180x180px

Boxer A3 / tracked
KF-41 Lynx
Pandur 6×6 EVO
Piranha IV and V
PMMC G5

|Oerlikon KCE

Option for short-range IR missiles (FIM-92 Stinger or Mistral)

|30 × 173 mm

Air burst programmable rounds AHEAD

—

| style="text-align: center;" |93 ordered

(48 more planned, 9 in option)

|Rheinmetall Air Defence unveils its Skyranger 30 (upgraded). European Defence Review. 3 March 2021.Countering RAM, drones and other flying objects with highly mobile assets, Rheinmetall’s solutions. European Defence Review. 1 July 2022.

|Skyranger 35

|Rheinmetall Air Defence (Oerlikon)

|180x180px

Boxer A3 / tracked
KF-41 Lynx
Leopard 2
Piranha IV and V

|1 ×

|35 x 228 mm

Air burst programmable rounds AHEAD

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Turret based on Skyshield / MANTIS

|GÜRZ

|Aselsan

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Seyit 8×8 (Anadolu Savunma)

|1 × KDC-02

4 × Bozdoğan IR missile

ATOM airburst

—

| style="text-align: center;" |—

|Comparable to Pantsir, in development

|KORKUT

|Aselsan

|180x180px

(Turret adapted to land platform)

ACV-30 (FNSS)
Arma 8×8 (Otokar)

|2 × KDC-02

ATOM airburst

| style="text-align: center;" |13

|Marksman

|Marconi Electronic Systems

|180x180px

T-55AM
Leopard 2A4

|2 × Oerlikon KDA

HEI ammunition

| style="text-align: center;" |7

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon

Examples

See also

Footnotes

References