Schreber is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Daniel Gottfried Schreber (1708–1777), German jurist and scholar
- Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), German naturalist
- Moritz Schreber (1808–1861), German physician and inventor
- Daniel Paul Schreber (1842–1911), German judge and son of Moritz
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