Salto () is the capital city of the Salto Department in northwestern Uruguay. As of the 2023 census it had a population of 114,084 and is the second most populated city in Uruguay, after Montevideo. The fort of San Antonio served as an arms depot and later as a prison for most of the priests, who were later taken to Buenos Aires or deported overseas. While the Jesuits were imprisoned Lieutenant Nicolás García took care of the fort and three boats. A big flood of the Yapeyú River caused considerable damage and the fort was rebuilt at a nearby site, this time on the western side of the Uruguay River in the current Concordia area, in order to act as a river-road junction. In early 1782 the settlement already had permanent residents.
On 12 February 1811 Francisco Javier de Elío declared war on the Board of Buenos Aires. Montevideo was besieged by José Rondeau and José Gervasio Artigas, so Elío asked for help from Portugal. Later the Spanish and the Board of Buenos Aires had to sign an agreement, because Buenos Aires was blockaded by sea. In an armistice agreement it decided to lift the siege of Montevideo and the blockade of the Rio de la Plata. However, General Artigas had to withdraw to the north in what became known at the Exodus of the Western People. Among the members of the Exodus of the Western People were a considerable number of important people in Uruguayan history, including some 6,000 military personnel and 4,500 civilians. In December 1811 they camped for one month on the Uruguay River very close to Salto. In that place the Board of Buenos Aires awarded the title of Lieutenant Governor, Chief Justice and Captain of the Department to Artigas who "guided the revolutionaries in a ten-year crusade to liberate the people from Imperial Spanish rule." After the Battle of Las Piedras on 18 May 1811, Artigas was named "Chief of the Orientales". On 8 February 1846 Garibaldi defeated Gomez's army, killing several hundred at San Antonio Chico Creek outside Salto.
Population
In 2023, Salto had a population of 114,084.
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.1em;"
! Year || Population
|- align="right"
| 1834 || 1,315
|- align="right"
| 1852 || 2,882
|- align="right"
| 1908 || 19,788
|- align="right"
| 1963 || 57,975
|- align="right"
| 1975 || 73,897
|- align="right"
| 1985 || 80,821
|- align="right"
| 1996 || 93,117
|- align="right"
| 2004 || 99,072
|- align="right"
| 2011 || 104,028
|- align="right"
| 2023 || 114,084
|}
Source: National Statistics Institute
Geography
The city is located on Route 3 about northwest of Montevideo, and on the east bank of the Río Uruguay across from the city of Concordia in Argentina. About north of the city the Salto Grande Bridge, built on top of the Salto Grande Dam, joins the two sides.
Built on hills and bluffs, the city is situated near the Rio Uruguay's 'big jump' falls, which is also the location of the Salto Grande Dam. The land is low lying alongside the river bank, with an elevation of above sea level.
Climate
Salto has a humid subtropical climate typical of the region, with sunny and hot summers with occasional heavy rainfall combined with mild winters.
Architecture
thumb|right|250px|Eladio Dieste Monument
thumb|right|250px|[[Museo del Hombre y la Tecnología]]
thumb|right|250px|Salto seen from the harbor
thumb|right|250px|Calle Uruguay, Downtown Salto
At the entrance of the city there is a memorial to the engineer Eladio Dieste. The memorial is formally called "La Puerta de la Sabiduría" ("The Door of Wisdom") and commonly known as "La Gaviota" ("The Seagull"). It was constructed by moving a structure built for station facilities and service by Leggiero Barbieri, a now-defunct trading firm. It is located at the intersection of Route 3 and Route 31 with Avenida Pascual Harriague, named after Pascual Harriague, who introduced grape cultivation in Uruguay. Salto is the site of a large number of works by Eladio Dieste, including an industrial warehouse/factory (Refrescos del Norte, 1978), an inn (north coast), a Municipal Bus Terminal, and a private bus company terminal (Turlit, 1980). Other prominent architects include J.P. Sanguinetti with his masterpiece "El Campo y yo".
The center of the city lies on Calle Uruguay, the heart of the business district, and many of the historic buildings in the immediate vicinity are significant. An apartment building called "El Mirador", the highest building in the city, opened in 2007. A museum of note is the Museo del Hombre y la Tecnología. There is a Plaza named after General Artigas in the central part of the city, containing a large statue of him. The largest park in the city is called the Parque Solari.
Places of worship
- Cathedral Basilica of St. John the Baptist (Roman Catholic)
- Holy Cross Parish Church (Roman Catholic)
- Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish Church (Roman Catholic)
- Parish Church of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel (Roman Catholic)
Culture
Popular activities among young people include drinking mate (an herbal beverage), going dancing at night and crossing into Argentina to go shopping in Concordia on weekends. One of the attractions are the thermal pools located close to the city. They are kept at over 38 °C (100 F) around the year. Salto is also known for its street Calle Uruguay, where locals stroll during weekend nights to socialize and drink mate with friends. Despite its many slum areas, Salto is considered one of the higher class areas of Uruguay for its various amenities that most of the country is lacking. The International Cultural Centre was founded in Salto in August 1990. The main football club is Salto Fútbol Club which plays in the Uruguayan Segunda División. Their home ground is located at the Estadio Ernesto Dickinson, which has a capacity of about 6,500.
Sports
Salto was one of the host cities of the official 1967 Basketball World Cup.
Health
The public health system in city is heavily supported by the regional national hospital Hospital Regional de Salto, which has 258 conventional beds and 30 intensive care beds.
Risks
Because of its geography, near other regions with Aedes aegypti mosquitos, Salto is one of the more vulnerable cities to mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever.
Transportation
Salto lies at the junction of the north–south National Route 3 and east–west National Route 31 on the eastern bank at the beginning of the Lower Uruguay River, opposite the Argentine city of Concordia. The city is located by road south of Bella Union and by road north of Paysandu. It is located by road west of Tacuarembo.