The Russell Senate Office Building is the oldest of the United States Senate office buildings. Designed in the Beaux-Arts architectural style, it was built from 1903 to 1908 and opened in 1909. It was named for Richard Russell Jr., a former U.S. senator from Georgia, in 1972. It occupies a site north of the Capitol bounded by Constitution Avenue, First Street, Delaware Avenue, and C Street N.E.
History
The first congressional office building was constructed immediately after the turn of the 20th century to relieve overcrowding in the United States Capitol. Previously, members who wanted office space had to rent quarters or borrow space in committee rooms. In March 1901, Congress authorized Architect of the Capitol Edward Clark to draw plans for fireproof office buildings adjacent to the Capitol grounds. In March 1903, the acquisition of sites and construction of the buildings were authorized, and the Senate Office Building Commission selected a site.
In April 1904, the prominent New York City architectural firm of Carrère and Hastings was retained. John Carrère took charge of the Senate Office Building project, while Thomas Hastings oversaw the construction of an almost identical office building (now named the Cannon House Office Building) for the United States House of Representatives. Their Beaux Arts designs were restrained complements to the Capitol. Architecturally, their elevations are divided into a rusticated base and a colonnade with an entablature and balustrade. The Constitution Ave. side is a quasi replica of the easternmost façade of the Palais du Louvre in Paris. The colonnades, with 34 Doric columns that face the Capitol, are echoed by pilasters on the sides of the buildings. Both buildings are faced with marble and limestone; the Russell Building's base and terrace are gray granite. Modern for their time, they included such facilities as forced-air ventilation systems, steam heat, individual lavatories with hot and cold running water and ice water, telephones, and electricity. Both are connected to the Capitol by underground passages. Originally there were 98 suites and eight committee rooms in the Russell Building; the First Street Wing, completed in 1933, added two committee rooms and 28 suites.
Of special architectural interest is the rotunda. Eighteen Corinthian columns support an entablature and a coffered dome, whose glazed oculus floods the rotunda with sunlight. Twin marble staircases lead from the rotunda to an imposing Caucus Room, which features Corinthian pilasters, a full entablature, and a richly detailed ceiling; the Russell Caucus Room (known since 2009 as the "Kennedy Caucus Room" in honor of Senators John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Edward M. Kennedy)
The Russell Building was occupied in 1909 by the Senate of the 61st Congress. The growth of staff and committees in the twenty years following its completion resulted in the addition of a fourth side, the First Street Wing, to the originally U-shaped building. Nathan C. Wyeth and Francis P. Sullivan were the consulting architects for the new wing, which was completed in 1933. The building was originally named the Senate Office Building. When the Dirksen Office Building was completed, it became the New Senate Office Building and the original Senate Office Building became the "Old Senate Office Building" until being renamed the Russell Building in 1972.
The building received extensive pop culture visual cachet in the 1970s when film footage of the southwest corner was regularly used to represent the headquarters of the fictional OSI organization in the TV series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman.
After Senator John McCain from Arizona died in 2018, Chuck Schumer, the Senate minority leader, introduced legislation to rename the building for McCain. Though the bill received bipartisan support, it was not brought to a vote at the time because of a lack of commitment from Mitch McConnell, the Senate majority leader.
Senators with Russell offices
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name
! Party
! State
! Room
|-
|Angela Alsobrooks
|D
|Maryland
|Room 374
|-
|Michael Bennet
| D
| Colorado
| Room 261
|-
|Katie Britt
| R
| Alabama
| Room 416
|-
|Ted Budd
| R
| North Carolina
| Room 354
|-
|Shelley Moore Capito
| R
| West Virginia
| Room 170
|-
|Chris Coons
| D
| Delaware
| Room 218
|-
|Tom Cotton
| R
| Arkansas
| Room 326
|-
|Ted Cruz
| R
| Texas
| Room 167
|-
|Joni Ernst
| R
| Iowa
| Room 260
|-
|John Fetterman
| D
| Pennsylvania
| Room 142
|-
|Deb Fischer
| R
| Nebraska
| Room 448
|-
|Kirsten Gillibrand
| D
| New York
| Room 478
|-
|Lindsey Graham
| R
| South Carolina
| Room 211
|-
|Bill Hagerty
| R
| Tennessee
| Room 251
|-
|Josh Hawley
| R
| Missouri
| Room 381
|-
|John Hoeven
| R
| North Dakota
| Room 338
|-
|Jon Husted
| R
| Ohio
| Room 304
|-
|Tim Kaine
| D
| Virginia
| Room 231
|-
|John Neely Kennedy
| R
| Louisiana
| Room 437
|-
|Mike Lee
| R
| Utah
| Room 363
|-
|Ben Lujan
| D
| New Mexico
| Room 498
|-
|Cynthia Lummis
| R
| Wyoming
| Room 127A
|-
|Roger Marshall
| R
| Kansas
| Room 479A
|-
|Mitch McConnell
| R
| Kentucky
| Room 317
|-
|Ashley Moody
| R
| Florida
| Room 387
|-
|Bernie Moreno
| R
| Ohio
| Room 284
|-
|Patty Murray
| D
| Washington
| Room 154
|-
|Rand Paul
| R
| Kentucky
| Room 295
|-
|Pete Ricketts
| R
| Nebraska
| Room 139
|-
|Jim Risch
| R
| Idaho
| Room 483
|-
|Eric Schmitt
| R
| Missouri
| Room 404
|-
|Tim Sheehy
| R
| Montana
| Room 124
|-
|Elissa Slotkin
| D
| Michigan
| Room 291
|-
|Tommy Tuberville
| R
| Alabama
| Room 455
|-
|Peter Welch
| D
| Vermont
| Room 115
|-
|Roger Wicker
| R
| Mississippi
| Room 425
|-
|}<nowiki> </nowiki>
Committee offices within Russell Senate Office Building
- United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
- United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
- United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
- United States Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
- United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs
- United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
Gallery
<gallery>
File:Flickr - USCapitol - Richard B. Russell Statue.jpg|A 1995 statue of Russell by Frederick Hart stands in the building's rotunda
File:Russell sob rotunda.jpg|The rotunda of the Russell Building featuring the sculpture by Frederick Hart
File:RusselOfficeDomeView.jpg|View of Russell from United States Capitol dome
File:Committee room in the Russell Building (28017909643).jpg|Committee room in the Russell Building
</gallery>
See also
- Hart Senate Office Building
- Dirksen Senate Office Building