Rose of Lima (born Isabel Flores de Oliva; 20 April 1586 24 August 1617) (, ), was a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic in Lima, Peru, Spanish Empire, who became known for both her life of severe penance His wife and Rose's mother, María de Oliva y Herrera (b. 1560), was a criolla native of Lima. She rejected all suitors against the objections of her friends and her family. Despite the censure of her parents, she spent many hours contemplating the Blessed Sacrament, which she received daily, an extremely rare practice in that period. She was determined to take a vow of virginity, which was opposed by her parents who wished her to marry. She donned a heavy crown made of silver, with small spikes on the inside, in emulation of the Crown of Thorns worn by Christ. Pope Paul VI's 1969 revision of the calendar made 23 August available, the day on which her feast day is now celebrated throughout the world, including Spain, but excluding Peru and some other Latin American countries, where 30 August is a public holiday in her honor.

Early lives of Rosa were written by the Dominican Father Hansen, "Vita Sanctae Rosae" (2 vols., Rome, 1664–1668), and Vicente Orsini, afterward. Pope Benedict XIII wrote "Concentus Dominicano, Bononiensis ecclesia, in album Sanctorum Ludovici Bertrandi et Rosae de Sancta Maria, ordinero praedicatorum" (Venice, 1674).

There is a park named for her in downtown Sacramento, California. A plot of land at 7th and K streets was given to the Catholic Church by Peter Burnett, first Governor of the State of California. Father Peter Anderson built one of the first of two churches in the diocese to be consecrated under the patronage of St. Rose.

In the Caribbean twin-island state of Trinidad and Tobago, the Santa Rosa Carib Community, located in Arima, is the largest organization of indigenous peoples on the island. The second oldest parish in the Diocese of Port of Spain is also named after this saint. The Santa Rosa Church, which is located in the town of Arima, was established on 20 April 1786, as the Indian Mission of Santa Rosa de Arima, on the foundations of a Capuchin Mission previously established in 1749.

On the Caribbean Island of Saint Lucia, there are two flower festivals supported by their Societies. Each society has a patron saint on whose feast day the grande fete is celebrated. For the Roses, it is the feast of St. Rose of Lima on 30 August; and for the Marguerites, it is that of St. Margaret Mary Alacoque, 17 October.

Rose's skull, surmounted with a crown of roses, is on public display at the Basilica in Lima, Peru, along with that of Martin de Porres. It was customary to keep the torso in the basilica and pass the head around the country.

She is also commemorated on 24 August in some places.

Patronage

Saint Rose is the patroness of the Americas, the indigenous people of the Americas, and of Peru (especially the city of Lima), Sittard in the Netherlands, of the Indies, and of the Philippines.

In Art

<gallery>

File:Santa Rosa de Lima - Angelino Medoro.jpg|alt=St. Rose of Lima wears a Dominican habit and a crown of roses, her eyes closed.|Angelino Medoro, Posthumous Portrait of St. Rose of Lima (1617)

File:Melchiorre Caffà, St. Rose of Lima (1665).jpg|alt=St. Rose of Lima, wearing a crown of spiked thorns and a Dominican habit, lying beside a crown of roses, is attended by a cherub.|Melchiorre Caffà, St. Rose of Lima (1665)

File:Murillo-saint rose of lima with the christ child.jpg|alt=St. Rose of Lima, wearing a Dominican habit and holding a rose, and with a golden halo, embraces the Christ Child.|<bdi>Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, St. Rose of Lima with the Christ Child (1670-1680)</bdi>

File:Anonymous Cusco School - Saint Rose of Lima with Child Jesus - Google Art Project.jpg|alt=St. Rose of Lima, wearing a Dominican habit and a crown of roses, and clasping a palm frond intertwined with roses in her hand, holds the Christ Child.|St. Rose of Lima with the Christ Child (c. 1680-1700)

File:An Allegory of Saint Rose of Lima (c. 1730-60).webp|alt=St. Rose of Lima, wearing a Dominican habit and a crown of roses, and holding an anchor balancing the Cathedral of Lima, emerges from a rose into the clouds, where the Christ Child, surrounded by roses, appears.|An Allegory of Saint Rose of Lima (c. 1730-60)

File:Aubrey Beardsley, The Ascension of Saint Rose of Lima (1896).jpg|alt=St. Rose of Lima, with roses in her hair, ascends into the sky above the Cathedral of Lima.|Aubrey Beardsley, The Ascension of Saint Rose of Lima (1896)

</gallery>

Legacy

thumb|upright|Colonial painting of Saint Rose of Lima (1680) by Colombian [[Gregorio Vásquez de Arce y Ceballos. Colonial Art Museum of Bogotá.]]

On the last weekend in August, the Fiesta de Santa Rosa is celebrated in Dixon, New Mexico, and the Sint Rosa Festival in Sittard, Netherlands. Also, in Sibbe, Netherlands, a maypole dedicated to Saint Rose is erected on the first Saturday after 23 August by the local Jonkheid.

A barony of Saint Rose of Lima was created in the Royal House of Rwanda on 25 July 2016 by the Catholic king in exile, King Kigeli V of Rwanda.

Dedicated parishes are located in:

Asia

  • Cherai, Kerala, India
  • Anayan, Pili, Camarines Sur, Philippines
  • Bagong Ilog and Sumilang, Pasig, Philippines
  • Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines
  • Santa Rosa, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
  • Santa Rosa de Lima, Alcoy, Cebu, Philippines
  • Santa Rosa de Lima, Daanbantayan, Cebu, Philippines
  • St. Rose of Lima, Teresa, Rizal, Philippines
  • St. Rose of Lima, Bacacay, Albay, Philippines

Australia

  • Kapunda, South Australia, Australia
  • Collaroy Plateau, New South Wales, Australia
  • Rosedale, Victoria, Australia

Europe

  • Sittard, Netherlands
  • Sibbe, Netherlands
  • Weoley Castle, Birmingham, United Kingdom

North America

  • Acadian Peninsula, New Brunswick, Canada
  • Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Sooke, British Columbia, Canada
  • Sainte Rose du Lac, Manitoba, Canada
  • Santa Rosa de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico<!--Santa Rosa de Juarez is not mentioned in Municipalities of Oaxaca article-->
  • Iglesia Santa Rosa de Lima, Santa Rosa de Lima, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Safford, Arizona, United States
  • Chula Vista, California, United States
  • Crockett, California, United States
  • Maywood, California, US
  • Paso Robles, California, United States
  • Roseville, California, United States
  • Santa Rosa, California, United States
  • Simi Valley, California, United States
  • Buena Vista, Colorado, United States
  • Meriden, Connecticut, United States
  • New Haven, Connecticut, United States (Closed 2022)
  • Newtown, Connecticut, United States
  • Milton, Florida, United States
  • Miami Shores, Florida, United States
  • Montrose, Illinois, United States
  • Quincy, Illinois, United States
  • Franklin, Indiana, United States
  • Denison, Iowa, United States
  • Great Bend, Kansas, United States
  • Mount Vernon, Kansas, United States
  • Cloverport, Kentucky, United States
  • Jay, Maine, United States
  • Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
  • Chelsea, Massachusetts, United States
  • Chicopee, Massachusetts, United States
  • Northborough, Massachusetts, United States
  • Topsfield, Massachusetts, United States
  • Hastings, Michigan, United States
  • Roseville, Minnesota, United States
  • De Soto, Missouri, United States
  • Dillon, Montana, United States
  • Reno, Nevada, United States
  • Littleton, New Hampshire, United States
  • Belmar, New Jersey, United States
  • East Hanover, New Jersey, United States
  • Haddon Heights, New Jersey, United States
  • Freehold, New Jersey, United States
  • Short Hills, New Jersey, United States
  • Buffalo, New York, United States
  • Forestville, New York, United States
  • Lima, New York, United States
  • Massapequa, New York, United States
  • New York, New York, United States
  • North Syracuse, New York, United States
  • Rockaway Beach, Queens, New York, United States
  • Hillsboro, North Dakota, United States
  • Perry, Oklahoma, United States
  • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
  • St. Rose, Ohio, United States
  • Perrysburg, Ohio, United States
  • Lima, Ohio, United States
  • Altoona, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Carbondale, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Eddystone, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Dillon, Montana, United States
  • North Wales, Pennsylvania, United States
  • York, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Garretson, South Dakota, United States
  • Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States
  • Andice, Texas, United States
  • Houston, Texas, United States
  • San Antonio, Texas, United States
  • Layton, Utah, United States
  • Cheney, Washington, United States
  • Cuba City, Wisconsin, United States
  • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States<
  • Benavides, Texas, United States
  • Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, United States<

South America

  • Santa Rosa Church, Paramaribo, Suriname
  • Arima, Trinidad and Tobago
  • Lima, Peru
  • Jaguaribara, Ceará, Brazil

Central America and Caribbean

  • Rincón, Puerto Rico
  • Venus Gardens, San Juan, Puerto Rico
  • Ranchuelo, Villa Clara, Cuba
  • Santa Rosa, Colón, Panama
  • Santa Rosa de Lima, La Unión, El Salvador
  • Santa Rosa Guachipilin, Santa Ana, El Salvador

<gallery mode="packed">

Saint Rose of Lima Sanctuary, Temple and Convent.jpg|Temple, Sanctuary and Convent where she lived in Lima

Saint rose of lima hermitage.jpg|She converted a little hut in the backyard into a hermitage, where she often went to pray.

Famous waterhole lima peru.jpg|Water well into which devotees toss letters in memory of St. Rose

File%3AIglesia_de_Santa_Rosa_de_Lima_en_Purmamarca.png|Iglesia de Santa Rosa de Lima un Purmamarca, Argentina

Basílica Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima 01.JPG|Basílica Santuario de Santa Rosa de Lima in Buenos Aires

Catedral de la Asunción de María Santísima (Guadalajara, Jalisco) - statue of St. Rose of Lima.jpg|Statue of St. Rose of Lima in the Catedral de la Asunción de María Santísima in Guadalajara, Jalisco

</gallery>

See also

  • List of Catholic saints
  • Sainte-Rose-de-Lima Church, Gatineau

References

Further reading

  • José Flores Araoz, et al. Santa Rosa de Lima y su tiempo. Lima: Banco de Crédito del Perú 1995.
  • Manuscript of the Life of St. Rose of Lima
  • Luis Getino, O.P. Santa Rosa de Lima, patrona de América: su retrato corporal y su talla intelectual según nuevos documentos. Madrid: M. Aguilar 1943.
  • Teodoro Hampe Martínez. "Santa Rosa de Lima y la identidad criolla en el Perú colonial" (essay of interpretation), Revista de Historia de América, No. 121 (January – December, 1996), pp.&nbsp;7–26
  • Leonardo Hansen, Vida admirable de Santa Rosa de Lima, translated by Fr. Jacinto Parra. Lima: Centro Católico 1895.
  • Fernando Iwasaki Canti. "Mujeres borde de la perfección: Rosa de Santa María y las alumbradas de Lima", Hispanic American Historical Review 73, no. 4 (1993):581–613.
  • Pedro de Loayza, O.P. Vida ad Santa Rosa de Lima (1619) Reprint, Lima: Iberia, S.A. 1965.
  • Ronald J. Morgan, "Heretics by Sea, Pagans by Land: St. Rosa de Lima and the Limits of Criollismo in Colonial Peru", chapter 4 of Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2002, pp.&nbsp;67–97.
  • Tomás Polvorosa López, "La canonización de Santa Rosa de Lima a través del Bullarium Ordinis F.F. Pratedictorum" in Actas del I Congreso Internacional sobre los Dominicos y el Nuevo Mundo, pp.&nbsp;603–639. Madrid: Editorial DEIMoS 1987.
  • Marian Storm. "The Life of St. Rose: First American Saint and Only American Woman Saint",
  • Rubén Vargas Ugarte, S.J. Vida de Santa Rosa de Lima. 3d edition. Buenos Aires: Imprenta López 1961.