Roer () was a department of the French First Republic and later First French Empire in present-day Germany and the Netherlands. It was named after the river Roer (Rur), which flows through the department. It was formed in 1797, when the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by the French. The department was formed from the duchies of Jülich and Cleves; the part of the Archbishopric of Cologne left of the Rhine; the Free City of Aachen; the Prussian part of the duchy of Guelders; and some smaller territories. In 1805 the city of Wesel was added to the department. The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen).
The department was subdivided in the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812):
- Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), cantons: Aachen (2 cantons), Burtscheid, Düren, Eschweiler, Froitzheim, Geilenkirchen, Gemünd, Heinsberg, Linnich, Monschau and Sittard.
- Cleves, cantons: Cleves, Geldern, Goch, Horst, Kalkar, Kranenburg, Wankum, Wesel and Xanten.
- Krefeld (Crefeld), cantons: Krefeld, Bracht, Erkelenz, Kempen, Moers, Neersen, Neuss, Odenkirchen, Rheinberg, Uerdingen, Viersen
- Cologne, cantons: Cologne (4 cantons), Bergheim, Brühl, Dormagen, Elsen, Jülich, Kerpen, Lechenich, Weiden and Zülpich.
Its population in 1812 was 631,094., later as Provinces of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine, now parts of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany).
Gallery
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File:Departments of French Empire Roer 1811.svg|Roer (red) besides other departments in the north of the French Empire, 1811
File:Dep-roer.jpg|Map of the Roer departement, circa the early 1800s.
File:Département de la Roer.svg|Administrative divisions
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