thumb|275px|River Rouge in Dearborn. The Southfield Freeway bridge is shown.

The River Rouge is a 127-mile (204 kilometer) river in the Metro Detroit area of southeastern Michigan. It flows into the Detroit River at Zug Island, which is the boundary between the cities of River Rouge and Detroit.

The river's roughly watershed includes all or parts of 48 municipalities, with a total population of more than 1.35 million, and it drains a large portion of central and northwest Wayne County, as well as much of southern Oakland County and a small area in eastern Washtenaw County. Nearly the entire drainage basin is in urban and suburban areas, with areas of intensive residential and industrial development. Still, more than of the River Rouge flow through public lands, making it one of the most accessible rivers in the state.

Until the late 20th century, the lowest section of the river, which is channeled for freight, was heavily polluted, and in 1969 oil on the surface caught fire. The passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972 made it unlawful to discharge any pollution from a point source into navigable waters, and the EPA's National Pollution Discharge Elimination Program was created to regulate these discharges.

In 1986, a non-profit organization of concerned citizens called Friends of the Rouge was formed and began organizing an annual cleanup called Rouge Rescue, to raise awareness about the need to clean up the Rouge. In 1987, the entire watershed was designated a Great Lakes "area of concern" under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.

In 1992, a massive project called the Rouge River National Wet Weather Demonstration Project was implemented, and further cleanup measures are ongoing. The Alliance of Rouge Communities is an organization of governmental and non-governmental entities created in 2006 to manage the watershed.

Physical and natural aspects

The River Rouge totals in length]]

Major tributaries of the main branch include:

  • Franklin River (also known as the Franklin branch of the River Rouge)
  • Farmbrook Branches (flow off river into two rivers running into Farmbrook Road & Franklin, Michigan)
  • Pebble Creek
  • Pernick Creek
  • Evan's Creek
  • Upper Branch (see below)
  • Ashcroft-Sherwood Drain
  • Middle Branch (see below)
  • Lower Branch (see below)
  • Ruby Creek

Upper branch

The headwaters of the upper branch rise in southwestern West Bloomfield Township, the southeast corner of Commerce Township, and the northeast corner of Novi. It forms in Farmington Hills with the confluence of Minnow Pond Drain and Seeley Drain, where it flows mostly southeast through Farmington, Livonia, Redford Township and enters the main branch in Eliza Howell park, in western Detroit.

Tributaries of the upper branch include (from downriver to upriver)

  • Bell Branch
  • Show Drain
  • Blue Drain
  • Bell Drain
  • Tarabusi Creek
  • Smith Drain
  • Minnow Pond Drain
  • Seeley Drain

Middle branch

The middle branch forms in Northville in northwest Wayne County with the confluence of the "Walled Lake branch" and Johnson Drain. The Walled Lake branch rises in Novi in a marshy drainage area south of Walled Lake, in southwest Oakland County. Johnson Drain rises in Salem Township in northeast Washtenaw County. From Northville, the middle branch flows south through Northville Township and Plymouth Township before turning to the southeast in the city of Plymouth. From Plymouth, it continues through the southwest corner of Livonia into Westland, then along the northern edge of Garden City and into Dearborn Heights where it merges with the main branch near the southern boundary with Dearborn. Other municipalities that are part of the middle branch watershed are Canton Township, Commerce Township, Farmington, Farmington Hills, Lyon Township, Redford Township, and Wixom.

thumb|Ingersol Creek at Novi. Note riparian buffer. Just outside the frame are a rail line and residential, industrial, and public recreation facilities

thumb|Ingersol Creek at Novi, close-up demonstrating wildlife habitat. At the time of this photo the city had begun tree removal and road construction within the greater riparian zone.

Tributaries of the middle branch include (from downriver to upriver)

  • Bill's Drain
  • Red Run Drain
  • Wilson Drain
  • Tonquish Creek
  • Willow Creek
  • Johnson Drain
  • Walled Lake branch
  • Thornton Creek
  • Ingersol Creek
  • Bishop Creek

Lower branch

The lower branch rises in sections 11 and 12 in Superior Township in Washtenaw County and flows mostly eastward into Wayne County through Canton Township, Wayne, Westland, Inkster, Dearborn Heights and Dearborn before joining the main branch. Other communities in the lower branch watershed include Van Buren Township, Plymouth Township, Salem Township, Ypsilanti Township.

Tributaries include (from downriver to upriver):

  • Hunter Drain
  • Hannan Drain
  • Fellows Creek
  • McKinstry Drain
  • Sinds Drain
  • Fowler Creek
  • Parks Drain

Area of Concern

The U.S.-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement defines an Area of Concern (AOC) as “geographic areas designated by the Parties where significant impairment of beneficial uses has occurred as a result of human activities at a local level.” The EPA and other environmental agencies are working to restore the 27 remaining U.S. AOCs in the Great Lakes Basin Region, including River Rouge. There are 43 AOCs in the Great Lakes Basin total, with the rest in Canada or shared by the two countries.

River Rouge as an AOC

Over 50% of the land surrounding the River Rouge is used for residential, industrial, and commercial purposes and development pressure continues to increase. Consequently, the river is highly polluted and was designated as a Great Lakes Area of Concern under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement in 1987. The designated AOC covers the entire River Rouge watershed including 48 communities that drain 466 square miles of southeastern Michigan into the Detroit River. Sources of pollution include municipal and industrial discharges, sewer overflows, and several nonpoint source pollution (e.g., storm water runoff).

The Henry Ford and Greenfield Village

The Henry Ford, billed as "America's Greatest History Attraction", is a major tourist destination in the area. It includes Greenfield Village, which was opened in 1929 to preserve historic landmarks, including Noah Webster’s House, Thomas Edison’s Menlo Lab and the garage where Henry Ford built the Quadricycle, his first car.

Rouge River Bird Observatory

Since 1992 the Rouge River Bird Observatory has operated on the campus of University of Michigan-Dearborn.

Rouge River Gateway Greenway Trail

The trail has access points from Michigan Avenue in Dearborn, from Fair Lane and from the University of Michigan Dearborn campus. There is an aspiration to develop the greenway trail all the way to the Detroit River.

River Rouge Park

River Rouge Park has been operated by the city of Detroit since the 1920s. Its boundary is formed by the railway to the north and West Warren to the south and by Outer Drive, West Parkway and Parkland on the west and Trinity and Burt Road on the east. In July 2014, two Olympic-sized pools and a bath house were reopened at Rouge Park as part of a $5.5 million park renovation project. Covering , River Rouge is the largest park in the city. In contrast, the more well-known Belle Isle State Park of Detroit covers 982 acres (397 ha).

Other notable parks and recreation areas

  • Lower Rouge Parkway
  • Douglas Evans Nature Preserve
  • Lola Valley Park
  • Rouge Valley Parkway
  • Belle Creek Park
  • Ford Field Park

References

  • River Rouge Park in Detroit is getting the attention it needs—Detroit Free Press April 6, 2014
  • The Greening of Detroit said it plans to plant 1,500 trees at Rouge Park by mid-June 2014—Michigan MLive April 6, 2014
  • The Greening of Detroit—Website
  • Friends of Rouge Park—Website
  • River Rouge Watershed, on the EPA site
  • The Henry Ford Estate
  • The Henry Ford, includes sections on Greenfield Village and Ford's River Rouge Plant
  • Alliance of Rouge Communities
  • Friends of the Rouge
  • MI DEQ Rouge River, Michigan State Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) Rouge River Watershed
  • USGS realtime flow/level, USGS realtime flow & water level of Middle Rouge at Garden City
  • Virtual tour of the Henry and Clara Ford 'Fair Lane' estate.

mk:Река Руж