thumb|right|Shaver's first published work, the novella "I Remember Lemuria", was the cover story in the March 1945 Amazing Stories

Richard Sharpe Shaver (October 8, 1907 – November 5, 1975) was an American writer and artist who achieved notoriety in the years following World War II as the author of controversial stories which were printed in science fiction magazines (primarily Amazing Stories). Shaver claimed that he had personal experience of a sinister ancient civilization that harbored fantastic technology in caverns under the earth. The controversy stemmed from the claim by Shaver, and his editor and publisher Ray Palmer, that Shaver's writings, while presented in the guise of fiction, were fundamentally true. Shaver's stories were promoted by Ray Palmer as "The Shaver Mystery".

During the last decades of his life, Shaver devoted himself to "rock books" – stones that he believed had been created by the advanced ancient races and were embedded with legible pictures and texts. He produced paintings allegedly based on the rocks' images and photographed them extensively, as well as writing about them. Posthumously, Shaver has gained a reputation as an artist; his paintings and photos have been exhibited in Los Angeles, New York and elsewhere.

Early life

Richard Sharpe Shaver was born on October 7, 1907, in Virginia to Grace and Ziba Shaver. He had two sisters, Claire and Isabella, and two brothers, Donald and Taylor.

The family relocated again to Detroit, Michigan, when his older brother Taylor found work there with the Federal Immigration Service. Shaver enrolled in the Wicker School of Fine Art and worked part-time as an art model. They would have one daughter.

In 1934, Shaver's older brother Taylor died from pneumonia, and Shaver's remaining family returned to Pennsylvania.

The Shaver Mystery

During 1943, Shaver wrote a letter to Amazing Stories magazine. He claimed to have discovered an ancient language he called "Mantong", a sort of Proto-Human language that was the source of all Earthly languages. In Mantong, each sound had a hidden meaning; by applying this formula to any word in any language, one could decode a secret meaning to any word, name or phrase. Editor Ray Palmer applied the Mantong formula to several words, and said he realized Shaver was on to something.

According to Palmer (in his autobiography The Secret World), Palmer wrote back to Shaver, asking how he had learned of Mantong. Shaver responded with an approximately 10,000-word document titled "A Warning to Future Man". Shaver claimed to have worked in a factory where, in 1932, odd things began to occur. As Bruce Lanier Wright notes, Shaver "began to notice that one of the welding guns on his job site, 'by some freak of its coil's field atunements', was allowing him to hear the thoughts of the men working around him. More frighteningly, he then received the telepathic record of a torture session conducted by malevolent entities in caverns deep within the earth." According to Michael Barkun, Shaver offered inconsistent accounts of how he first learned of the hidden cavern world, but that the assembly line story was the "most common version".

Shaver wrote of extremely advanced prehistoric races who had built cavern cities inside the Earth before abandoning Earth for another planet due to damaging radiation from the Sun: an example of a cryptoterrestrial hypothesis. Those ancients also abandoned some of their own offspring here, a minority of whom remained noble and human, "Teros", while most degenerated over time into a population of mentally impaired sadists known as "Deros"—short for "detrimental robots". Shaver's "robots" were not mechanical constructs, but were robot-like due to their savage behavior.

These Deros still lived in the cave cities, according to Shaver, kidnapping surface-dwelling people by the thousands for meat or torture. With the sophisticated "ray" machinery that the great ancient races had left behind, they spied on people and projected tormenting thoughts and voices into our minds (reminiscent of schizophrenia's "influencing machines" such as the air loom). Deros could be blamed for nearly all misfortunes, from minor "accidental" injuries or illnesses to airplane crashes and catastrophic natural disasters. Women especially were singled out for brutal treatment, including rape, and Mike Dash notes that "[[Sadomasochism|[s]ado-masochism]] was one of the prominent themes of Shaver's writings". Though generally confined to their caves, Shaver claimed that the Deros sometimes traveled with spaceships or rockets, and had dealings with equally evil extraterrestrial beings. Shaver claimed to possess first-hand knowledge of the Deros and their caves, insisting he had been their prisoner for several years.

<span id="Palmers_work">Palmer</span> edited and rewrote the manuscript, increasing the total word count to a novella length of 31,000. Palmer insisted that he did not alter the main elements of Shaver's story, but that he only added an exciting plot so the story would not read "like a dull recitation". The issue sold out, and generated quite a response: Between 1945 and 1949, many letters arrived attesting to the truth of Shaver's claims (tens of thousands of letters, according to Palmer). The correspondents claimed that they, too, had heard strange voices or encountered denizens of the Hollow Earth. One of the letters to Amazing Stories was from a woman who claimed to have gone into a deep subbasement of a Paris, France building via a secret elevator. After months of rape and other torture, the woman was freed by a benevolent Tero. Another letter claiming involvement with Deros came from Fred Crisman, later to gain notoriety for his role in the Maury Island Incident and the John F. Kennedy assassination. "Shaver Mystery Club" societies were created in several cities. The controversy gained some notice in the mainstream press at the time, including a mention in a 1951 issue of Life magazine.

Palmer claimed that Amazing Stories magazine had a great increase of circulation because of the Shaver Mystery, and the magazine emphasized the Shaver Mystery for several years. Barkun notes that, by any measure, the Shaver Mystery was successful in increasing sales of Amazing Stories. There was disagreement as to the precise increase in circulation, but Barkun notes that reliable sources reflect an increase in monthly circulation from about 135,000 to 185,000. Dash writes that the "critics of the 'Shaver Mystery' were quick to point out that its author was suffering from several of the classic symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia, and that many of the letters pouring into Amazing recounting personal experiences that backed up the author's stories patently came from the sorts of people who would otherwise spend their time claiming that they were being persecuted by invisible voices or their neighbor's dog".

The 2004 Japanese horror movie Marebito, directed by Takashi Shimizu, also refers to Shaver's work and the Deros. The movie refers to Shaver's books directly, as well as showing Deros at several times during the film.

Richard Shaver and the Deros are mentioned on a plaque in the video game Shivers, next to a sculpture of a Dero in the "Subterranean World" room.

Both Shaver and his work, as well as Amazing Stories, are amongst the esoteric and unusual ideas referred to in the Philip K. Dick novel Confessions of a Crap Artist.

In the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, which was heavily influenced by pulp and weird fiction in its development, there exists a race of evil subterranean dwarves called the derro, which were first described in the AD&D First Edition of Monster Manual II. These derro make raids on the surface to kidnap humans for use as slaves and food, and some among them, called Savants, possess magical and psychic powers, which they can use to influence people's minds. They are said to have a main stronghold deep underground where they plot the overthrow of humanity.

Sociologist and occultist Carroll "Poke" Runyon produced a 2007 pseudo-documentary, "Beyond Lemuria," relating subterranean Deros to interdimensional travel. Several of Runyon's "Hermetic Hour" podcasts discuss the Shaver Mysteries.

<!-- *In his UFO books of the mid-1950s author Morris K. Jessup promoted a story similar to the Shaver Mystery, with good and bad space aliens influencing humanity.

  • (There is reported to be an obscure connection between the Shaver Mystery and the German Thule Society. Both Shaver and Palmer are said to have been in contact with a former Bavarian Gauleiter who was also a member of the occult society. ) NOTE: This has remained in the article without citation for over half a year. It has been removed as possible original research under the suspicion that no reliable source can be found to back it up. -->

The novel Tamper, by Bill Ectric, takes its name from Shaver's description of the Deros' ability to tamper with the minds of humans with invisible rays. In the book, a boy obsessed with the "Shaver Mystery" begins to hear strange noises in his parents' basement which may or may not be real.

Shaver and UFOs

thumb|Nearly a year before the [[1947 flying disc craze|flying disc wave of 1947, Amazing Stories featured disc-shaped spacecraft.]]

In the summer of 1947, Kenneth Arnold claimed to have seen some unusual flying objects near Mount Rainier. His report caused widespread interest in unidentified flying objects, and Palmer was quick to argue that the "flying saucers" were validation of the Shaver Mystery&nbsp;— for several years, he noted, Shaver had mentioned the Deros' supposed spaceships. The idea that Shaver and Palmer had somehow predicted or presaged the "flying saucer" craze was later championed by writer John Keel. His 1983 article "The Man Who Invented Flying Saucers" (first published in Fortean Times) declared that "Palmer assigned artists to make sketches of objects described by readers and disc-shaped flying machines appeared on the covers of his magazine long before June 1947. So we can note that a considerable number of people&nbsp;— millions&nbsp;— were exposed to the flying saucer concept before the national news media were even aware of it. Anyone who glanced at the magazines on a newsstand and caught a glimpse of the saucer-emblazoned Amazing Stories cover had the image implanted in his subconscious".

However, UFO researcher Jerome Clark would argue just the contrary, writing that "[i]t must be stressed that Palmer did not depict the deros' 'rockets' as disc shaped. Nonetheless in later years, some would insist, with more hyperbole than reason, that through Shaver's yarns Palmer 'invented flying saucers'. In fact, Palmer's influence beyond his relatively minuscule audience of science fiction fans and Forteans was nonexistent".

Other influences

The poet and folklorist Jesse Glass joined Shaver's Atlantean Library in the early 1970s as a young man and briefly corresponded with him. He was intrigued by Shaver's "rock books" with their accompanying descriptions, but noted that sometimes the surfaces of the stones seemed to be treated in some manner. One piece of stone looked like the surface was actually a drawing or rubbing on paper that had been heavily shellacked or somehow glued on. In fact, bits of white paper seemed to be showing through the shellac. Glass corresponded with Shaver and found him to be an intelligent and well-read correspondent until one day, out of the blue, the letters took on an abusive tone. It was then that Glass ended the correspondence.

The artist Jermaine Rogers has often used his version of the Deros in his many posters used to advertise rock music concerts. Rogers has approached the subject of the Deros with an ambiguity that some have taken as proof that he truly believes in these beings. Starting in 1994, Rogers' Dero has appeared in dozens of his posters and art prints and in 2004 it became a designer vinyl toy line.

Some aspects of the QAnon conspiracy theory have also been compared to Shaver's ideas, particularly the theme of sadomasochistic abusive acts taking place in subterranean tunnels with the perpetrators also manipulating events on the surface world.

Bibliography

Short stories

  • "I Remember Lemuria", Amazing Stories (March 1945)
  • "Thought Records of Lemuria", Amazing Stories (June 1945)
  • "Cave City of Hel", Amazing Stories (September 1945)
  • "Quest of Brail", Amazing Stories (December 1945)
  • "Invasion of the Micro-Men", Amazing Stories (February 1946)
  • "The Masked World", Amazing Stories (May 1946)
  • "Cult of the Witch-Queen", Amazing Stories (July 1946)
  • "The Sea People", Amazing Stories (August 1946)
  • "Earth Slaves to Space", Amazing Stories (September 1946)
  • "The Return of Sathanas", Amazing Stories (November 1946)
  • "The Land of Kui", Amazing Stories (December 1946)
  • "Joe Dannon Pioneer", Amazing Stories (March 1947)
  • "Loot of Babylon", Mammoth Adventure (May 1947)
  • "The Tale of the Red Dwarf Who Writes with his Tail", Fantastic Adventures (May 1947)
  • "Formula from The Underworld", Amazing Stories (June 1947)
  • "Zigor Mephisto's Collection of Mentalia", Amazing Stories (June 1947)
  • "Witch's Daughter", Amazing Stories (June 1947)
  • "The Red Legion", Amazing Stories (June 1947)
  • "Mer-Witch of Ether 18", Amazing Stories (August 1947)
  • "Gods of Venus", Amazing Stories (March 1948)
  • "When the Moon Bounced", Amazing Stories (May 1949)
  • "The Fall of Lemuria", Other Worlds (November 1949)
  • "We Dance for the Dom!", Amazing Stories (January 1950)
  • "The Sun-Smiths", Other Worlds (July 1952)
  • "Beyond the Barrier", Other Worlds (November 1952–February 1953)
  • "The Dream Makers", Fantastic (July 1958)

Nonfiction

  • The Secret World (with Ray Palmer) (1975)

See also

  • "On the Origin of the 'Influencing Machine' in Schizophrenia", an influential 1919 paper
  • Agartha, a legendary kingdom that is said to be located in the Earth's core popular with 19th- and 20th-century occultists theosophists.
  • "The Mound" by H. P. Lovecraft from a short description by Zealia Bishop – underground civilization fiction set in the southwestern U.S., part of the Cthulhu Mythos
  • The Phantom Empire – film serial with a similar theme that was perhaps an inspiration on Richard Sharpe Shaver's work
  • Stanislav Szukalski developed strange theories about Earth being ruled by a race called the Sons of Yeti.
  • Deadline (science fiction story), another wartime atomic fiction
  • Dark City (1998 film) features humans as captives of a race of mind-controlling strangers.
  • Us (2019 film) directed by Jordan Peele depicts a race of subterranean machine-like humans designed to copy their counterparts on the surface.

Footnotes

References

  • .
  • Shavertron magazine
  • Blog dedicated to the memory of Richard Shaver
  • The Positively True Story of Kenneth Arnold - Part Four at Saturday Night Uforia