Representation of a Lie superalgebra

In the mathematical field of representation theory, a representation of a Lie superalgebra is an action of Lie superalgebra L on a Z2-graded vector space V, such that if A and B are any two pure elements of L and X and Y are any two pure elements of V, then

:<math>(c_1 A+c_2 B)\cdot X=c_1 A\cdot X + c_2 B\cdot X</math>

:<math>A\cdot (c_1 X + c_2 Y)=c_1 A\cdot X + c_2 A\cdot Y</math>

:<math>(-1)^{A\cdot X}=(-1)^A(-1)^X</math>

:<math>[A,B]\cdot X=A\cdot (B\cdot X)-(-1)^{AB}B\cdot (A\cdot X).</math>

Equivalently, a representation of L is a Z2-graded representation of the universal enveloping algebra of L which respects the third equation above.

Unitary representation of a star Lie superalgebra

A * Lie superalgebra is a complex Lie superalgebra equipped with an involutive antilinear map * such that * respects the grading and

:[a,b]*=[b*,a*].

A unitary representation of such a Lie algebra is a Z2 graded Hilbert space which is a representation of a Lie superalgebra as above together with the requirement that self-adjoint elements of the Lie superalgebra are represented by Hermitian transformations.

This is a major concept in the study of supersymmetry together with representation of a Lie superalgebra on an algebra. Say A is an *-algebra representation of the Lie superalgebra (together with the additional requirement that * respects the grading and L[a]*=-(-1)LaL*[a*]) and H is the unitary rep and also, H is a unitary representation of A.

These three reps are all compatible if for pure elements a in A, |ψ> in H and L in the Lie superalgebra,

:L[a|ψ>)]=(L[a])|ψ>+(-1)Laa(L[|ψ>]).

Sometimes, the Lie superalgebra is embedded within A in the sense that there is a homomorphism from the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie superalgebra to A. In that case, the equation above reduces to

:L[a]=La-(-1)LaaL.

This approach avoids working directly with a Lie supergroup, and hence avoids the use of auxiliary Grassmann numbers.