Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst ( ; February 2, 1923 – June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman and manager. He played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants, and Milwaukee Braves from 1945 to 1963, and was named to 10 All-Star teams. He then managed the Cardinals from 1965 to 1976 – the second-longest managerial tenure in the team's history (behind Tony La Russa). Under his direction, St. Louis won the 1967 and 1968 National League pennants and the 1967 World Series, and he was named National League Manager of the Year in 1967 and 1968. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.
Early life
Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children. His father was a coal miner, and the family lived without running water or electricity.
Schoendienst showed a marked aptitude for baseball at a young age. In school he would handicap himself by hitting left-handed.
In 1944, still in Rochester, Schoendienst hit .373 in 25 games. He was drafted mid-season into the U.S. Army, but received a medical discharge on January 1, 1945, due to his eye injury and sustained trauma incurred while shooting bazookas.
Major league playing career (1945–1963)
The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945. Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues. but as the Cardinals had Marty Marion, who had won the National League's (NL) MVP Award in 1944, as their shortstop, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be their left fielder.
In a trade that was extremely unpopular with Cardinals fans and his best friend Stan Musial, Schoendienst, along with Jackie Brandt, Bill Sarni, Dick Littlefield and Bobby Stephenson, was sent to the New York Giants for Alvin Dark, Whitey Lockman, Ray Katt and Don Liddle on June 14, 1956. The transaction was made possible after the Cardinals switched Don Blasingame from shortstop to second base to replace Schoendienst.
The following season, the Giants traded Schoendienst to the Milwaukee Braves for Bobby Thomson, Ray Crone, and Danny O'Connell. Schoendienst helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years, batting .309 and finishing third in the NL MVP vote. In the World Series the Braves defeated the New York Yankees to win their only title in Milwaukee, and the franchise's first since 1914. Milwaukee repeated as NL champions in 1958 but lost to the Yankees in their World Series rematch; Schoendienst flied out to Mickey Mantle for the Series' final out.
During the 1958–59 off-season Schoendienst was diagnosed with tuberculosis and underwent a partial pneumonectomy in February 1959. Despite being told that he would never play again, he returned to the Braves in 1960—only to be released at the end of the season. In 1961 he rejoined the Cardinals, first as a pinch hitter, then as a coach when Johnny Keane replaced Solly Hemus as the Cardinals' manager. In his final three playing seasons he served as a player-coach, batting over .300 in both 1961 and 1962 and going hitless in five at-bats in 1963. Dark considered him "the finest second baseman in the game".
Coaching and managerial career (1964–2018)
thumb|left|Schoendienst coaching in 1983
Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox—Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. The Cardinals repeated as champions of the National League in 1968 (the last year without divisions), but the Detroit Tigers beat them in seven games to win the World Series.
For the rest of Schoendienst's tenure of managing a team now entrenched in the National League East, the Cardinals won ninety games just once (1971) and did not reach the postseason again, although they finished second three times in a four-year span (1971-1974). His managerial record over twelve full seasons (1965–76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041–955 (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977–78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remained an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 73rd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager.
Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals).
thumb|right|Schoendienst at the [[2013 National League Championship Series|2013 NLCS, Busch Stadium]]
In 1989, the Veterans Committee elected Schoendienst to the Baseball Hall of Fame. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame
The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame and Museum for the inaugural class of 2014. The Milwaukee Braves Historical Association inducted Schoendienst into the Milwaukee Braves Honor Roll, located in Miller Park, in 2015.
Managerial record
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular season !! colspan="4"|Postseason
|-
!Games!!Won!!Lost!!Win %!!Finish!! Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
|-
!STL||
||162||80||81|||| 7th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||162||83||79|||| 6th in NL || – || – || – || –
|-style="background:#fde910"
!STL||
||161||101||60|||| 1st in NL || || Won World Series (BOS)
|-style="background:#fdd"
!STL ||
||162||97||65|||| 1st in NL || || Lost World Series (DET)
|-
!STL ||
||162||87||75|||| 4th in NL East || – || – || – ||
|-
!STL ||
||162||76||86|||| 4th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||163||90||72|||| 2nd in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||156||75||81|||| 4th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||162||81||81|||| 2nd in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||161||86||75|||| 2nd in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||163||82||80|||| 4th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL||
||162||72||90|||| 5th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL* ||
||37||18||19|||| 4th in NL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!STL* ||
||24||13||11|||| (acting) || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|STL total || 1,999 || 1,041 || 955 || || || ||
|-
! colspan="2"|Total || 1,999 || 1,041 || 955 || || || 7 || 7 || ||
|}
Personal life
In 1947, Schoendienst married the former Mary Eileen O'Reilly, who died in 1999 after 52 years of marriage. The Schoendiensts had four children. He also had 10 grandchildren (though two predeceased him), and nine great-grandchildren. At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.
In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored Schoendienst as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army during World War II.
On November 13, 2017, Schoendienst, 94, became the oldest living member of the Hall of Fame when Bobby Doerr died at 99, and the oldest living manager of a World Series-winning, pennant-winning or post-season team. He was also the last living member of the Cardinals team that won the 1946 World Series, opposing Doerr's Boston Red Sox team. There are no living players who played on an earlier World Series-winning team. He said of Doerr, "I didn't want him to go."
Schoendienst died at age 95 on June 6, 2018.