Rawdon is a village and civil parish in the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It sits on the River Aire and on the A65 south of Yeadon.

The northern parts of the village are part of the Guiseley and Rawdon ward of Leeds City Council and the southern part is in the Horsforth ward. The whole village is included in the Leeds North West parliamentary constituency.

History

The name comes from Old Norse rauðr meaning red, and Old English dūn meaning hill.

While no documentary reference has been made to Rawdon before the Domesday Book was composed in 1086, the area had seen human activity at least as early as in the Bronze Age, as evidenced by archeological finds of bronze axe heads and a gold torc. In the Domesday Book Rawdon (also spelt Roudun, Rowdun and Rowdon) is mentioned as terra regis (belonging to the King) with five taxable landholders, one of them Norman and the others Saxon, and approximately between 500 and 700 acres of pasture and 80 to 200 acres of arable land.

Paul (or Paulyn) de Rawdon, a commander of archers under William the Conqueror was awarded lands in Rawdon for his faithful and courageous service to the Normans, a portion of which was the manor on Rawden Hill, in 1069. He took his surname after his new possessions, meaning he became known as Paulyn of Rawden Hill Manor. For the following four centuries his descendants lived at or near to the house now known as Layton Hall, opposite the present churchyard, and on several occasions presented land to Bolton Priory, Kirkstall Abbey, and (once) to Esholt Nunnery. The Leyton estate remained in the hands of the family until 1718 when it was split up, and after various quarrels it was reunited in the hands of the Emmott family (later known as the Green-Emmott or the Green-Emmott-Rawdon family) who let out leyton Hall whole or in part for a long time during their ownership. Col. Charles Payne Barras, agent of the family in the 1860s, founded brick and tile works to use the abundant local clay.

George Rawdon, a descendant of the Rawdon family and brother of Ann Paslew, had a new hall built in Cliffe Lane, known as Rawdon Low Hall in the past and now as Rawdon Hall. According to a date stone it appears to have been completed in 1625. George Rawdon became secretary and agent of Edward, 1st Viscount Conway, and served in Ireland following the Catholic rebellion in Ulster in 1641. He left the management of his estates in the hands of his son-in-law, John Stanhope II of Horsforth. Rawdon became a civil parish again on 15 October 2012.

Areas of interest

Rawdon Billing is a hill and well known local landmark that can be seen from a considerable distance. It is a popular area for walking and provides views of Rawdon from the top.

Little London

The village of Little London with its extensive conservation area lies in the westernmost part of Rawdon, about south of the centre of Guiseley. It is unique in that the historic area covered by the designation straddles the boundary of the cities of Leeds and Bradford. Until the local government reorganisation in 1974 this area was part of a district called Aireborough which was subsequently divided between Leeds and Bradford.

The portion of the conservation area lying in the City of Leeds was designated in 1975 and was extended in 1988. The portion of the conservation area lying in the City of Bradford was designated in 1977. The Bradford designation centres on Lane Head House, built for the steward of Esholt Hall Estate , with its associated cottages, and outbuildings and other mainly late 18th century development.

Cragg Wood

Rawdon Cragg Wood conservation area, is an exclusive rural suburb of Victorian villas with special architectural interest set in spacious wooded grounds developed in the second half of the 19th century, for the wealthy wool and cloth merchants of Leeds and Bradford.

“The ‘old nobility’ may have gone, perhaps for ever, but in their stead has arisen a race of self made nobles, born of trade and commerce, whose pretty villas or castellated towers stud the hillside or nestle in the wood, to the undoubted advantage of the landscape".

Schools

Nether Yeadon School near the junction of Apperley Lane and Warm Lane was a joint Quaker/Baptist effort on land provided by the Laytons for a peppercorn rent in 1703. It was rebuilt in 1821 and sold in 1905 as a private residence, now known as Layton Cottage.

Thomas Layton had St. Peter's Church School built in 1710 as a school for boys at the junction of Layton Avenue and Town Street. A church school for girls and infants was built in Town Street in 1861 and extended in 1876 with two classrooms for boys, together with a master's house. The school, but not the house, was burnt down in 1951. It was rebuilt and reopened in 1965 and extended with an infants department in 1976, and the master's house is now occupied by the caretaker. The old building erected under Thomas Layton (‘The Institute’) was used for parochial purposes from 1876 to 1979 and then turned into a private house. It is used as a fictional location in the soap opera Emmerdale.

Religion

thumb|right|Trinity Church

Rawdon is home to St Peter's Church which was built by Francis Layton as a chapel of ease for the parish of Guiseley in 1645. Due to the troubled times (English Civil War 1642–1651, then Cromwell's Commonwealth until the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660) it took many years to erect the church. Francis Layton died in 1661, leaving his son Henry to continue with the building. It was finally consecrated in 1684. A tower was added in 1707. The church was largely rebuilt in 1864 by architect Alexander Crawford at a cost of £1,200.

thumb|Friends Meeting House of 1697

Rawdon is also home to a Quaker meeting house built in 1697, and the Trinity Church (Baptist, Methodist, United Reform). This is housed in the former Benton Congregational Church (1846), being renamed in 1972 by the three groups who now share it.

Notable residents

  • David Stone- 2012 Paralympic cycling gold medal winner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_and_Paralympics_gold_post_boxes#List_of_gold_postboxes)
  • Brian Close — cricketer
  • Hedley Verity — cricketer
  • William Thompson — merchant; imported Australian wool (in 1808)

Location grid

See also

  • Listed buildings in Guiseley and Rawdon

References

Further reading

  • D. C. Willcock (2000) A History of Rawdon online version
  • Rawdon Little London Conservation Area & Management Plan (2011)
  • The Leeds Quakers Website. The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Leeds, Otley, Gildersome, Rawdon & Ilkley
  • Rawdon was in this parish