Rădăuți

Rădăuți (; ; ; ; , Radivtsi; Radevits; ) is a town in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania. It is situated in the historical regions of Bukovina and Western Moldavia. According to the 2021 census, Rădăuți is the second largest urban settlement in the county. It was declared a municipality in 1995, along with two other cities in Suceava County: Fălticeni and Câmpulung Moldovenesc. Rădăuți covers an area of and it was the capital of former Rădăuți County (until 1950).

Administration and local politics

Town council

The town's former local council had the following political composition, according to the results of the 2020 Romanian local elections:

{| class="wikitable"

! style="background:#ccc" |    

! style="background:#ccc" | Party

! style="background:#ccc" | Seats

! style="background:#ccc" colspan="9" | Current Council

| National Liberal Party (PNL)

| style="text-align: right" | 9

| Social Democratic Party (PSD)

| style="text-align: right" | 7

| People's Movement Party (PMP)

| style="text-align: right" | 2

| Romanian Ecologist Party (PER)

| style="text-align: right" | 1

The town's current local council has the following political composition, according to the results of the 2024 Romanian local elections:

{| class="wikitable"

! style="background:#ccc" |    

! style="background:#ccc" | Party

! style="background:#ccc" | Seats

! style="background:#ccc" colspan="9" | Current Council

| National Liberal Party (PNL)

| style="text-align: right" | 9

| Social Democratic Party (PSD)

| style="text-align: right" | 8

| Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR)

| style="text-align: right" | 2

Geography

Rădăuți is situated in Bukovina, on a plain between the Suceava and Sucevița rivers, northwest from Suceava, the county capital. The city is located in the depression with the same name, at altitude. It is one of the oldest settlements in Moldavia, known since the 15th century. The towns of Siret, Solca, Milișăuți, and Vicovu de Sus are located relatively close to the city, in the Rădăuți urban area of influence.

Demographics

thumb|left|75px|Austrian KK stamp, issue 1873, cancelled at Radautz

Rădăuți reached its peak population in 1992, when more than 31,000 people were living within the city limits. As of 2016, the town of Rădăuți was the second most populated urban settlement in Suceava County, after the county capital, Suceava.

At the 2011 census, Rădăuți had a population of 23,822 inhabitants: 96.97% of inhabitants were ethnic Romanians, 0.89% Russians and Lipovans, 0.88% Roma, 0.54% Ukrainians and 0.23% Germans <small>(Bukovina Germans)</small>. 83.4% were Romanian Orthodox, 9.1% Pentecostal, 3.1% Roman Catholic, 0.9% stated they belonged to another religion, 0.8% were Greek-Catholic and 0.7% each Baptist and Lipovan Orthodox.

History

thumb|150px|left|The former Evangelical Lutheran church of the German community in Rădăuți

The mention of "Radomir's village" (as part of a review of boyar property in the area) in a 1392 document (uric) is generally believed to be the town's first mention, and indication of the origin of the name Rădăuți (other theories state that the settlement had its origins in earlier periods, and that the name is a Slavic-influenced derivative of the Latin word Rottacenum, as allegedly used by soldiers in the Roman garrison in Siret). The oldest mention of Rădăuți as such dates from 1413, in a document issued by Moldavian Prince Alexandru cel Bun.

By the middle of the 14th century, Rădăuți was already a flourishing settlement, the seat of a prominent Eastern Orthodox church during the times of Bogdan I (1359–1365), and subsequently a bishopric. Around the St. Nicholas church (Bogdana Monastery), archaeologists have uncovered a habitation layer preceding Bogdan's period of rule, one which could point to the existence of a local center prior to the foundation of Moldavia.

Awarded the privilege of organizing fairs, Rădăuți evolved due to its favorable location midway between the Carpathian Mountains and the tableland area (with traders from both regions establishing contact in the local market). The fairs at Rădăuți have been dated to the time of Stephen the Great (a document from 1481; however, since the mention includes details of Stephen's intervention in solving a commercial dispute, it is possible that the fairs were well established by then).

Rădăuți has a cathedral, built in 1402, with the tombs of several Moldavian princes. Rădăuți was also the seat of a Greek bishopric, moved to Chernivtsi in 1786. Persecutions became widespread around 1938, when Jews were harassed and attacked by authorities under the Octavian Goga government; they were confirmed by anti-Semitic legislation passed by the Ion Gigurtu cabinet, and, in late 1940, exceptionally violent following the establishment of the National Legionary State. In October 1941, all Jews present in Rădăuți, from the city itself and throughout the county (8,000 people), were deported to ghettos and concentration camps in Transnistria Governorate. It has been argued that only 4,000 members of the Rădăuți Jewish community survived the Holocaust. This number did not include the other urban Jewish community in the county (Siret); in 1941, there were originally more than 5,000 Jews in the city of Rădăuți. On March 14, 1944, Romania's military dictator Ion Antonescu allowed the repatriation of all the Jews deported to Transnistria.

Bogdana Monastery

The Princely Church at Rădăuți contained the graves of Bogdan I and his son Lațcu, both Voivodes/Princes of Moldavia, as well as a later ruler, Roman I of Moldavia. Is the oldest monastery from Moldova and Bucovina (1365). Inside the monastery there are 14 tombs (like Bogdan I (1359–1365), Lațcu Voievod (1365–1373), Roman I (1391–1394), Ștefan I (1394–1399), Bogdan, the brother Alexandru cel Bun, Bogdan, son of Alexandru cel Bun and others.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Rădăuți is twinned with:

{|class="wikitable"

|- valign="top"

Beilstein, Germany
Pontault-Combault, France
Drochia, Moldova
Briceni, Moldova
Caminha, Portugal
Gliwice, Poland
Kyrenia, Cyprus
Ragusa, Italy

Natives

Avigdor Arikha - Israeli painter
Emil Armin - American artist
Alexandru Bodnar - athlete
Otto Isidor Brunstein - Austrian lawyer
Heinrich Gärtner - cinematographer
Emanuil Grigorovitza - writer
Karl Klüger - Deputy Mayor of Cernăuți
Irina Lauric - sprint canoeist
Iacov Putneanul - Metropolitan
Saint Bishop Leontie of Rădăuți
Benedict Menkes - Romanian biologist
Dan Pagis - Israeli Hebrew poet and literature researcher
Lothar Rădăceanu - journalist, linguist, socialist, and communist politician
Ștefan Rusu - Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling
Matei Vișniec - Romanian poet and playwright living in France

Gallery

File:Primăria din Rădăuţi.jpg|The Town Hall

File:Fosta prefectură și hotel, Rădăuți (3).JPG|Former prefecture building in Union Square

File:Colegiul Național Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi, Rădăuți.JPG|Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi High School

File:Școala Regina Elisabeta, Rădăuți.JPG|Queen Elizabaeth Elementary School

File:Muzeul de etnografie din Radauti.jpg|The Ethnographic Museum

File:Banca din Rădăuţi.jpg|The Romanian Commercial Bank

File:60-0383-2 radauti.JPG|CFR train passing through the town

File:BogdanI.JPG|Bogdan I Equestrian Statue, by

File:Manastirea Bogdana.jpg|Bogdana Monastery

File:Biserica Naşterea Sfintei Fecioare Maria din Rădăuţi.jpg|The Roman Catholic Church

</gallery>