Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name Pudong was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic city center. It now refers to the broader Pudong New Area, a state-level new area which extends all the way to the East China Sea.

The traditional area of Pudong is now home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone and the Shanghai Stock Exchange and many of Shanghai's best-known buildings, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, the Shanghai World Financial Center, and the Shanghai Tower. These modern skyscrapers directly face Puxi's historic Bund, a remnant of former foreign concessions in China. The rest of the new area includes the Port of Shanghai, the Shanghai Expo and Century Park, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve, Nanhui New City, and the Shanghai Disney Resort.

History

Pudong—literally "The East Bank of the Huangpu River"—originally referred only to the less-developed land across from Shanghai's Old City and foreign concessions. The area was mainly farmland and only slowly developed, with warehouses and wharfs near the shore administered by the districts of Puxi on the west bank: Huangpu, Yangpu, and Nanshi. Pudong was originally established as a county in 1958 until 1961 when the county was split among Huangpu, Yangpu, Nanshi, Wusong and Chuansha County.

Premier Li Peng announced the policy of Pudong's opening and development on April 18, 1990. Speaking at a celebration for the fifth anniversary of the Shanghai Volkswagen Corporation, Li stated that "some policies of the economic and technological zones and Special Economic Zones can be implemented in the Pudong area". Li stated that future investors from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan were welcomed and that China would provide preferential conditions for cooperation and improve the investment environment. Pudong's description as a New Area served to distinguish it from existing SEZs. All-time September high

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Government

Districts of the Direct-Controlled Municipality of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities. However, the government of Pudong has a status equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city, which is a half-level above a prefecture-level city. This is due to Pudong's size and importance as the financial hub of China. The Pudong Communist Party Secretary is the top office of the district, followed by the district governor of Pudong. The Pudong party chief is customarily also a member of the Shanghai Party Standing Committee.

On April 27, 2015, the People's Government of Pudong New Area is working with China (Shanghai) Pilot Free-Trade Zone Administrative Committee.

Demographics

Pudong is bounded by the Huangpu River in the west and the East China Sea in the east. Pudong is distinguished from Puxi ("West Bank"), the older part of Shanghai. It has an area of and, according to the 2020 census, a population of 5,681,512 inhabitants, accounting for around 22.8 percent of Shanghai and 1.85 million more than in 2010. Pudong's resident population growth is well above national average because it is a popular immigration destination. The 2020 census shows an 8% increase in the last decade, or an annual pace of 0.8%.

Excluding immigrants, the birth rate in 2010 was 0.806% while the death rate is 0.729, resulting a net growth of 0.077%. The total fertility rate is 1.03, well below the replacement level. The district actually has a negative registered household population growth if immigrants are excluded, thus the growth is purely driven by immigration.

The 2020 census shows a population density of 3,006/km<sup>2</sup>.!! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)

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| Weifang Xincun Subdistrict || || Wéifāng Xīncūn Jiēdào || vij vaon sin tsen ka do || 100,548 || 3.89

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| Lujiazui Subdistrict || || Lùjiāzuǐ Jiēdào || loq ka tzyu ka do || 112,507 || 6.89

|-

| Zhoujiadu Subdistrict || || Zhōujiādù Jiēdào || tzoe ka du ka do || 144,668 || 5.52

|-

| Tangqiao Subdistrict || || Tángqiáo Jiēdào || daon djio ka do || 76,916 || 3.86

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| Shanggang Xincun Subdistrict || || Shànggāng Xīncūn Jiēdào || zaon kaon sin tsen ka do || 104,932 || 7.54

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| Nanmatou Road Subdistrict || || Nánmǎtóulù Jiēdào || neu mau doe lu ka do || 107,130 || 4.22

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| Hudong Xincun Subdistrict || || Hùdōng Xīncūn Jiēdào || wu ton sin tsen ka do || 112,031 || 5.51

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| Jinyang Xincun Subdistrict || || Jīnyáng Xīncūn Jiēdào || cin yan sin tsen ka do || 206,017 || 8.02

|-

| Yangjing Subdistrict || || Yángjīng Jiēdào || yan cin ka do || 146,237 || 7.38

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| Puxing Road Subdistrict || || Pǔxìnglù Jiēdào || phu xin lu ka do || 177,468 || 6.25

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| Dongming Road Subdistrict || || Dōngmínglù Jiēdào || ton min lu ka do || 121,449 || 5.95

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| Huamu Subdistrict || || Huāmù Jiēdào || hau moq ka do || 221,327 || 20.93

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| Chuanshaxin Town* (Chwansha) || || Chuānshāxīn Zhèn || tseu sa sau sin tzen || 420,045 || 148.05

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| Gaoqiao town || || Gāoqiáo Zhèn || ko djio tzen || 184,486 || 38.73

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| Beicai town || || Běicài Zhèn || poq tsa tzen || 276,547 || 24.91

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| Heqing town || || Héqìng Zhèn || req chin tzen || 132,038 || 41.97

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| Tang town || || Tángzhèn || daon tzen || 129,267 || 32.16

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| Caolu town || || Cáolù Zhèn || dzo lu tzen || 186,012 || 45.58

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| Jinqiao town || || Jīnqiáo Zhèn || cin djio tzen || 81,537 || 25.28

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| Gaohang town || || Gāoháng Zhèn || ko raon tzen || 137,625 || 22.85

|-

| Gaodong town || || Gāodōng Zhèn || ko ton tzen || 110,552 || 36.24

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| Zhangjiang town || || Zhāngjiāng Zhèn || tzan kaon tzen || 165,297 || 42.10

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| Sanlin town || || Sānlín Zhèn || se lin tzen || 360,516 || 34.19

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| Huinan town || || Huìnán Zhèn || we neu tzen || 213,845 || 65.24

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| Zhoupu town || || Zhōupǔ Zhèn || tzoe phu tzen || 147,329 || 42.60

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| Xinchang town || || Xīnchǎng Zhèn || sin dzan tzen || 84,183 || 54.30

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| Datuan Town || || Dàtuán Zhèn || da deu tzen || 71,162 || 50.45

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| Kangqiao town || || Kāngqiáo Zhèn || khaon djio tzen || 174,672 || 41.25

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| Hangtou town || || Hángtóu Zhèn || raon doe tzen || 110,060 || 60.40

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| Zhuqiao town || || Zhùqiáo Zhèn || tzoq djio tzen || 104,945 || 146.28

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| Nicheng town || || Níchéng Zhèn || gnij zen tzen || 62,519 || 61.50

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| Xuanqiao town || || Xuānqiáo Zhèn || si djio tzen || 59,567 || 45.78

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| Shuyuan town || || Shūyuàn Zhèn || syu yeu tzen || 59,323 || 66.90

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| Wanxiang Town || || Wànxiáng Zhèn || ve zian tzen || 24,346 || 23.35

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| Laogang town || || Lǎogǎng Zhèn || lo kaon tzen || 37,408 || 38.90

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| Nanhui Xincheng Town** || || Nánhuì Xīnchéng Zhèn || neu we sin zen tzen || 47,381 || 67.76

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| Luchaogang Farm || || Lúcháogǎng Nóngchǎng || lu dzo kaon non dzan || 688 || 9.40

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| Donghai Farm || || Dōnghǎi Nóngchǎng || ton he non dzan || 508 || 15.20

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| Chaoyang Farm || || Cháoyáng Nóngchǎng || dzo yan non dzan || 862 || 10.67

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| Waigaoqiao Free-trade Zone || || Wàigāoqiáo Bǎoshuìqū || nga ko djio po seu chiu || 1,349 || 10.00

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| Jinqiao Export Processing Zone || || Jīnqiáo Jīngjì Jìshù Kāifāqū || cin djio cin tzij djij dzeq khe faq chiu || 5,514 || 67.79

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| Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park || || Zhāngjiāng Gāo Kējì Yuánqū || tzan kaon ko khu djij yeu chiu || 23,617 || 75.90

|}

  • <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Liuzao town merged into Chuanshaxin town.
  • <nowiki>**</nowiki> – Luchaogang town and Shengang Subdistrict merged and form Nanhui Xincheng town.

Education

Universities and higher education

thumb|[[New York University Shanghai]]

  • Shanghai Maritime University
  • Shanghai Dianji University
  • Shanghai Fisheries University
  • China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong
  • Fudan University in Zhangjiang
  • New York University Shanghai
  • ShanghaiTech University

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools:

  • No. 2 High School Attached to East China Normal University
  • Jianping High School
  • Dongchang High School of ECNU
  • Pudong Foreign Languages School of Shanghai International Studies University
  • Shanghai Jincai Experimental Junior Middle School

International schools:

  • Dulwich College Shanghai
  • French School of Shanghai Pudong Campus
  • Nord Anglia International School Shanghai Pudong
  • German School Shanghai Pudong Campus
  • Shanghai American School Pudong Campus
  • Shanghai Japanese School (SJS) Pudong Campus (elementary and junior high), and SJS Senior High School
  • Wellington College International Shanghai
  • Concordia International School Shanghai Pudong Campus

Other private schools:

  • Shanghai Gold Apple Bilingual School
  • Shanghai Shangde Experimental School
  • Shanghai Pinghe School

Economy

thumb|upright=1.4|Pudong aerial view.

With the Nanhui District merger in May 2009, the size of Pudong's economy grew. The district's 2025 gross domestic product amounts to an estimated (US$263 billion), corresponding to around 33% of Shanghai's economy. Its GDP per capita in 2022 was , corresponding to around by nominal values.

The Pudong area continues to experience rapid development, especially in the commercial sector, with 1.3 million square meters of prime office space reaching completion in 2008, more than the previous two years combined. Pudong has also attracted considerable fixed asset and real estate investment, reporting 87.268 billion RMB in fixed asset investment and 27.997 billion RMB in real estate investment in 2008.

thumb|Pudong area of Shanghai, at night

The newest Disney resort, with a Disneyland included, is located in Pudong, which opened to tourists in June 2016.

Businesses

<!--List major companies with headquarters or offices-->

Bao Steel has its head office in the Bao Steel Tower () in Pudong. Comac has its head office in Pudong. The headquarters of Yangtze River Express, a cargo airline, are in the Pufa Tower () in Pudong.

Hang Seng Bank has its mainland offices in the Hang Seng Bank Tower in Pudong. Kroll has an office in the Hang Seng Bank Tower. Google has its Shanghai offices in the Shanghai World Financial Center.

Transportation

The Shanghai Pudong International Airport opened its doors in 1999.

In the same year, Line 2 of the Shanghai Metro commenced services. An extension brought the line further east, where it serves the airport. Other lines, namely Lines 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 18 also have sections that serve parts of Pudong. A magnetic levitation train began operating in 2004, moving passengers between the airport and Longyang Road Metro station.

thumb|Ships on the Huangpu River with Pudong in view

Pudong is connected to downtown Puxi by fourteen tunnels (out of eighteen cross-Huangpu tunnels in total) and four major bridges (out of eleven in total). The first of these bridges were the Nanpu Bridge (1991) and the Yangpu Bridge (1993). The Xupu Bridge opened in 1996. The latest of these is Lupu Bridge, which is the world's second longest arch bridge and was completed in 2002. Currently, there are fourteen tunnels that link Pudong and downtown Puxi. Dapu Rd. Tunnel is the first tunnel across the Huangpu River, followed by Yan'an Rd. Tunnel (running east–west), Waihuan Tunnel (one part of the Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway), Dalian Rd. Tunnel (running north–south), and Fuxing Rd. Tunnel (complementing the Yan'an Rd. Tunnel). Many new tunnels have been constructed since then, especially around the Lujiazui area.

Roads in Pudong have no particular longitudinal or latitudinal orientation. Major thoroughfares Pudong Avenue, Zhangyang Road and Yanggao Road run east–west until Yangpu Bridge before turning gradually to become north–south. Century Avenue crosses all three major roads and extends from Lujiazui to Century Park. Yanggao Road extends south to the S20 Shanghai Outer Ring Expressway, which runs east–west from Xupu Bridge and then north–south beginning at the interchange near Renxi Village, when the east–west expressway turns into Yingbin Avenue, headed for Pudong International Airport.

Metro

Pudong is currently served by thirteen metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro and one maglev line operated by Shanghai Maglev Train, in addition to the Airport Link Line:

  • - Lujiazui , Dongchang Road, Century Avenue , Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Century Park, Longyang Road , Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Jinke Road, Guanglan Road, Tangzhen, Middle Chuangxin Road, East Huaxia Road, Chuansha, Lingkong Road, Yuandong Avenue, Haitiansan Road, Pudong International Airport
  • - Pudong Avenue , Century Avenue , Pudian Road , Lancun Road , Tangqiao
  • - Gangcheng Road , North Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Hangjin Road, South Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Zhouhai Road, Wuzhou Avenue, Dongjing Road, Jufeng Road , Wulian Road, Boxing Road, Jinqiao Road, Yunshan Road , Deping Road, Beiyangjing Road, Minsheng Road , Yuanshen Stadium, Century Avenue , Pudian Road , Lancun Road , Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Linyi Xincun, West Gaoke Road , Dongming Road , Gaoqing Road, West Huaxia Road, Shangnan Road, South Lingyan Road, Oriental Sports Center
  • - Houtan, Changqing Road , Yaohua Road , Yuntai Road, West Gaoke Road , South Yanggao Road, Jinxiu Road, Fanghua Road, Longyang Road , Huamu Road
  • - China Art Museum, Yaohua Road , Chengshan Road , Yangsi, Oriental Sports Center , Lingzhao Xincun Station
  • - Shangcheng Road, Century Avenue , Middle Yanggao Road , Fangdian Road, Lantian Road , Taierzhuang Road, Jinqiao, Jinji Road, Jinhai Road , Gutang Road, Minlei Road, Caolu
  • - Shuangjiang Road, West Gaoqiao, Gaoqiao, Gangcheng Road , Jilong Road
  • - Disney Resort, Kangxin Highway, Xiuyan Road, Luoshan Road , Yuqiao , Pusan Road, East Sanlin, Sanlin, Oriental Sports Center
  • - Donglu Road, Jufeng Road , North Yanggao Road, Jinjing Road, Shenjiang Road, Jinhai Road
  • - Shibo Avenue, Changqing Road , Chengshan Road , Dongming Road , Huapeng Road, Xianan Road, Beicai, Chenchun Road, Lianxi Road , Middle Huaxia Road , Zhongke Road, Xuelin Road, Zhangjiang Road
  • - Lujiazui , South Pudong Road, Pudong Avenue , Yuanshen Road, Changyi Road , Xiepu Road, Longju Road, Yunshan Road , Lantian Road , Huangyang Road, Yunshun Road, Pudong Football Stadium, Jinyue Road, Guiqiao Road
  • - Longyang Road , Middle Huaxia Road , Luoshan Road , East Zhoupu, Heshahangcheng, East Hangtou, Xinchang, Wild Animal Park, Huinan, East Huinan, Shuyuan, Lingang Avenue, Dishui Lake
  • - Changyi Road , Minsheng Road , Middle Yanggao Road , Yingchun Road, Longyang Road , Fangxin Road, Beizhong Road, Lianxi Road , Yuqiao , Kangqiao, Zhoupu, Fanrong Road, Shenmei Road, Hetao Road, Xiasha, Hangtou
  • - Longyang Road , Pudong International Airport

<gallery mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px" class="center">

File:The Oriental Pearl Radio & Television Tower at night.jpg|The Oriental Pearl tower at night

File:The Oriental Pearl TV Tower at the Pudong end (36273763372).jpg|Lujiazui

File:Shanghai - Pudong - Lujiazui.jpg|Pudong from the Bund

Image:Shaghai Jin Mao.JPG|Jin Mao building

Image:Pudong district roads traffic skyscrapers, Shanghai.JPG|Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Pudong

Image:Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai.JPG|Lujiazui skyline, Pudong

Image:Shanghai citic.jpg|CITIC Pacific HQ & Mandarin Oriental

Image:Pudong.ogv|Pudong at night (video)

Image:Shanghaipudong.jpg|Pudong at night with Oriental Pearl Tower

Image:Shanghai (Huang Pu River at Night) 046.jpg|Huangpu River at night. “Better City, Better Life” is the theme of Expo 2010.

File:2010 Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai 01.jpg|Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower

Image:Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower-20150516-RM-130617.jpg|View of the Oriental Pearl Tower

File:Lujiazui at night, Shanghai.JPG|Lujiazui at night

File:Night view from the Bund.jpg|Lujiazui at night

File:Shanghai China 9Mar2018 SkySat.jpg|Satellite image of Shanghai's Pudong district.

</gallery>

Twin towns – sister cities

Pudong is twinned with:

  • Beverly Hills, California
  • Kuopio

See also

  • Shanghai Premier League, amateur football (soccer) league based in Pudong
  • Chinese cutter Pudong, Chinese Coast Guard cutter formerly named for the district

References

Further reading

  • Kris Olds, “Globalizing Shanghai: The ‘Global Intelligence Corps’ and the Building of Pudong," Cities 12, no. 3 (1997) 109–23.
  • Pudong government website
  • Pudong business site
  • Pudong Photos